种植密度和施氮量互作对单粒精播花生植株和产量性状的影响  

Interaction Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Plant and Yield Traits of Single Seeding Peanut

作　　者：陈康[1] 林倩 王永丽 王廷利[1] 陈红[1] CHEN Kang;LIN Qian;WANG Yongli;WANG Tingli;CHEN Hong(Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yantai 264001,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第9期42-46,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队建设项目“烟台综合试验站”(SDAIT-04-11)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨单粒精播花生生理性状和产量性状对种植密度和施氮量的响应,选择山东省烟台市招远鲁东丘陵地,作物两年三熟。2018和2019年,以出口大花生品种‘花育22’为试验材料进行了大田试验。设置了3个种植密度(12万、20万、28万株/hm^(2))和4个施氮量(N 0、50、115、180 kg/hm^(2))。不同生育时期调查分析了花生植株和产量性状。结果表明:种植密度和施氮量均显著影响花生干物质量、植株性状和产量性状,且两者互作效应显著。在D2密度(20万株/hm^(2))条件下,花生荚果产量较D1密度(12万株/hm^(2))和D3密度(28万株/hm^(2))分别增加了24.31%~45.04%和10.57%~15.13%,成熟期干物质量分别增加了7.31%~32.34%和10.65%~34.59%,且差异性均达到了显著水平。在D2密度(20万株/hm^(2))条件下,施氮量在50~180 kg/hm^(2)范围内的花生荚果产量和干物质量均显著高于无氮处理,各施氮处理表现为N115>N180>N50>N0,以施氮量为115 kg/hm^(2)时花生荚果产量最大,较N50和N180处理分别提高了6.83%和3.90%,干物质量和植株性状也协同提高。综合考虑生理性状、产量性状等因素,在本试验条件下,单粒精播花生栽培在低密度12万株/hm^(2)下,花生主要产量性状随着施氮量的增加而增加,以种植密度为20万株/hm^(2),施氮量为115 kg/hm^(2)较为适宜。To investigate the response of physiological and yield traits of single seeding peanut to planting density and nitrogen application rate,the authors chose Shandong Yantai Zhaoyuan Ludong hilly land for crops of three ripening in two years.A field experiment was carried out on the export peanut variety‘Huayu 22’in 2018 and 2019,three planting densities(120000,200000 and 280000 plants/hm^(2))and four nitrogen application rates(N 0,50,115 and 180 kg/hm^(2))were set up.Peanut plant and yield traits were analyzed in different growth periods.The results showed that both planting density and nitrogen application rate significantly affected the dry matter weight,and plant and yield traits of peanut,and the interaction effect between them was significant.Under D2 density(200000 plants/hm^(2)),the yield of peanut pods increased by 24.31%-45.04%and 10.57%-15.13%respectively compared with that of D1(120000 plants/hm^(2))and D3(280000 plants/hm^(2)),the dry matter weight in mature period increased by 7.31%-32.34%and 10.65%-34.59%respectively,and the difference reached a significant level.Under D2 density(200000 hm^(2)),the yield and dry matter weight of peanut pods under nitrogen application rate of 50-180 kg/hm^(2)were significantly higher than those of nitrogen-free treatment,the nitrogen treatment showed N115>N180>N50>N0,peanut pod number reached the largest at 115 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application,increased by 6.83%and 3.90%compared with that of N50 and N180,the dry matter weight and plant traits were also improved.Under the condition of this experiment,the main yield traits of peanut increased with the increase of nitrogen application under low density of 120000 plants/hm^(2),and the interaction effect of planting density of 200000 plants/hm^(2)and nitrogen application rate of 115 kg/hm^(2)was the best.

关 键 词：春花生 种植密度 施氮量 单粒精播种植 植株性状 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]