剪叶和施肥次数对烤烟膜下小苗移栽烟苗素质的影响  

Effect of Clipping and Fertilization Times on Tobacco Seedling Quality for Transplanting Small Seedling Under Plastic Film

作　　者：张久权[1] 余祥文 凌爱芬[3] 陈天才 ZHANG Jiuquan;YU Xiangwen;LING Aifen;CHEN Tiancai(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Liangshan Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province,Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China;Fengjie Tobacco Company of Chongqing City,Chongqing 404600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [2]四川省烟草科学研究所,成都610041 [3]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,四川西昌615000 [4]重庆市烟草公司奉节分公司,重庆404600

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第9期54-59,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“烟草化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究”(2018YFD201104);四川省烟草公司重点项目“育苗方式创新及移栽技术优化与应用”(SCYC201702);贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司项目“生物炭及炭基肥的应用效果研究及安全性评价”(2018520500240059);重庆市烟草公司重点项目“无人机烟田智慧监测技术研究与示范”(B20211NY1310)。

摘　　要：为弄清剪叶和施肥次数对烟苗素质的影响,在四川西昌进行膜下小苗育苗试验。试验为施肥方式×剪叶次数(2×2)全因子处理设计。结果表明,施肥2次的比1次的苗高、茎高、茎围、根系体积、根系干重、地上部和烟苗整株干重分别显著增加28.87%、44.08%、26.36%、5.22%、27.83%、64.32%和57.14%,施肥次数对成苗率、壮苗率、大田返青时间和还苗率无显著影响。不剪叶比剪叶的处理苗高、茎高、茎围、叶面积、根系体积、根系干重、地上部和整株干重均显著增加,剪叶后成苗达标率和壮苗率分别提高4.35和7.05个百分点,剪叶与否对大田返青时间和还苗率无显著影响。综合考虑,施肥2次+不剪叶的处理最好,其次是施肥2次+剪叶的处理,建议在生产上推广使用。A seedling cultivation experiment was conducted in Xichang of Sichuan Province to identify the effects of fertilization times and clipping on seedling quality.The experiment used a factorial treatment design with fertilization method×clipping times(2×2)factor combination.The results showed that the seedling height,stem height,stem circumference,root volume,and dry matter mass of root,aboveground parts and the whole plant increased significantly by 28.87%,44.08%,26.36%,5.22%,27.83%,64.32%and 57.14%,respectively,when fertilization increased from 1 time to 2 times.No significant difference between fertilization times was observed for good seedling rate,strong seedling rate,seedling recovery time and recovery rate after transplanting.Compared with those under clipping,the seedling height,stem height,stem circumference,leaf area,root volume,and dry matter mass of root,aboveground parts and the whole plant increased significantly under no clipping.The clipping increased good and strong seedling rate by 4.35 and 7.05 percentage points,respectively.No significant difference of clipping was observed for seedling recovery time and rate after transplanting.Overall,fertilization 2 times without clipping is the best,followed by fertilization 2 times with clipping.These two treatments can be recommended for tobacco production with transplanting small seedling under plastic film.

关 键 词：膜下小苗移栽 施肥 剪叶 烤烟 育苗 

分 类 号：S572.04[农业科学—烟草工业]