手枪弹撞击戴防弹头盔人体头颈部靶标的钝击效应  

Behind-Helmet Blunt Trauma of a Pistol Bullet Striking Ballistic Helmet-Covered Human Head and Neck Target

作　　者：沈周宇 温垚珂[1] 闫文敏 董方栋 张俊斌 李颖 SHEN Zhouyu;WEN Yaoke;YAN Wenmin;DONG Fangdong;ZHANG Junbin;LI Ying(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory,No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries,Beijing 102202,China;Unit 63856 of PLA,Baicheng 137001,Jilin,China;Eastern Air Force Hospital of PLA,Nanjing 210002,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]中国兵器工业第208研究所瞬态冲击技术重点实验室,北京102202 [3]63856部队,吉林白城137001 [4]解放军东部战区空军医院,江苏南京210002

出　　处：《兵工学报》2022年第9期2101-2112,共12页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11872215);国防基础科研项目(JCKYS201909C001);基础加强计划技术领域基金项目(2020-JCJQ-JJ-403、2019-JCJQ-JJ-373)。

摘　　要：防弹头盔虽然能有效防御手枪弹的贯穿性杀伤,但是头盔的瞬态变形仍有可能对人体头部造成严重损伤。为研究头盔致头部钝击伤,采用仿真软件Abaqus用户材料子程序VUMAT编写适用于模拟复合材料防弹头盔力学性能的渐进损伤本构模型,基于防弹头盔三维数字图像相关法试验结果验证了仿真模型的准确性;开展9 mm铅芯手枪弹以343 m/s的速度撞击佩戴防弹头盔人体头颈部靶标的数值模拟,获得头盔鼓包高度、颅骨应力、颅内压力和颈椎应力等钝击效应特征量。研究结果表明:头盔未佩戴在人体头部时,顶部弹着点处的瞬态最大鼓包高度可以达到27.7 mm;头盔佩戴在人体头部后,由于头部的支撑作用,弹着点处的头盔壳瞬态最大变形量减小为10.73 mm;钝击过程中颅骨上的最大应力达到46.97 MPa,并有单元失效,表明颅骨发生了凹陷性骨折;颅内压力最大值达到208.7 kPa,能够造成大脑等重要器官的中度损伤;各颈椎骨上均有较大应力;各椎间盘中心髓核处应力较大,C_(2)~C_(3)椎间盘上的应力最大,达到2.65 MPa。Although bulletproof helmets can effectively prevent pistol bullets from penetration,the transient deformation may still cause serious damage to human head.To study behind-helmet blunt trauma,a progressive damage constitutive model is developed to simulate the mechanical properties of composite bulletproof helmets by using the Abaqus user material subroutine VUMAT.Then,the accuracy of the simulation model is verified using the Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation test results of the bulletproof helmet.Then,numerical simulation of the 9 mm lead pistol bullet impacting human head and neck target wearing a bulletproof helmet at 343 m/s is carried out.Blunt impact effect characteristics such as helmet bulge height,skull stress,intracranial pressure,and cervical stress are obtained.The results show that without the helmet,the transient maximum bulge height at the top impact point reaches 27.70 mm;with the helmet,the transient maximum deformation of the helmet shell at the impact point is reduced to 10.73 mm,due to the support of the helmet.During blunt impact,the maximum stress on the skull reaches 46.97 MPa and some units fail,indicating a concave fracture in the skull.The maximum intracranial pressure reaches 208.70 kPa,which can cause moderate damage to the brain and other important organs.The cervical vertebra is under a great deal of stress,so is the central nucleus pulposus of each intervertebral disc.The maximum stress on C_(2)-C_(3) intervertebral disc is 2.65 MPa.Our research results provide scientific guidance to the treatment of blunt head and neck injury and the design of bulletproof helmets.

关 键 词：防弹头盔 头颈部靶标 手枪弹 钝击效应 

分 类 号：TJ012.4[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术]