南宁市某胶合板企业职业健康风险评估  

Occupational health risk assessment of a plywood manufacturer in Nanning City

作　　者：黄吉[1] 段平宁[1] 黄翔[1] 聂传丽[1] 麦骊风 HUANG Ji;DUAN Ping-ning;HUANG Xiang;NIE Chuan-li;MAI Li-fen(Occupational Health Evaluation Institute,Guangxi Instiute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Nanning Guangxi,530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生评价所,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第18期2466-2470,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200688)。

摘　　要：目的通过危害因素识别、危险特称评估、接触评估等方式对南宁市某胶合板生产企业风险特称进行描述,评估其风险水平,为企业的职业病防治工作提供科学依据.方法以南宁市隆安县某胶合板生产企业作为研究对象,于2019年7月通过对研究对象进行职业卫生现场调查、作业场所职业病危害因素检测,收集化学有害因素理化性质、接触时间、接触水平和作业场所危害控制措施.采用综合指数法对其进行危害因素识别、危害特称评估及接触评估,确定其接触等级,评估其风险水平.结果制胶、涂胶、铺板、冷压及热压岗位甲醛及氨的风险指数均为4,其风险等级为高风险等级;热压岗位苯酚的风险指数为3,其风险等级为中等风险等级;涂胶、据边及打磨岗位的木粉尘以及做边岗位乙酸乙酯、二甲苯的风险指数均为2,其风险等级为低风险等级.结论南宁市某胶合板生产企业的甲醛及氨的风险等级为高风险等级,可能会引起作业工人的健康损害.应采取有效的职业病防护措施,督促作业工人正确使用有效的个人防护用品,每年定期进行职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查及职业健康风险评估.苯酚的风险等级为中等风险等级;木粉尘、乙酸乙酯、二甲苯的风险等级为低风险等级,中低风险等级可继续维持现行预防控制措施,每3~5年进行1次风险评估.Objective To describe the risk characteristics of a plywood manufacturer in Nanning City by means of identification of hazard factors,assessment of risk characteristics,and exposure assessment,evaluate their risk levels,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases of enterprises.Methods Taking a plywood manufacturer in Nanning City as the research object,in July 2019,through the occupational health on-site investigation of the research object and the detection of occupational hazard factors in the workplace,the physical and chemical properties,exposure time,exposure level,and workplace hazard control measures of the chemical harmful factors were collected.The comprehensive index method was used to identify hazard factors and perform the hazard characteristics assessment and exposure assessment,to determine the exposure level,and evaluate the risk level.Results The risk indexes of formaldehyde and ammonia in the glue making,gluing,laying,cold pressing and hot pressing positions were 4,which were the high risk level.The risk index of phenol in the hot pressing position was 3,which was the medium risk level.The risk indexes of wood dust in gluing,edging,and sanding positions,as well as ethyl acetate and xylene in edging positions were 2,which were the low risk level.Conclusion The risk level of formaldehyde and ammonia of plywood manufacturer in Nanning City is high,which may cause health damage to workers.It is necessary to take effective occupational disease prevention measures,urge workers to correctly use effective personal protective equipment,and regularly carry out occupational disease hazard factor detection,occupational health examination and occupational health risk assessment every year.The risk level of phenol is medium,and the risk level of wood dust,ethyl acetate,and xylene is low.The current preventive and control measures can be maintained for medium and low risk levels,and the risk assessment shall be conducted every3-5 years.

关 键 词：胶合板企业 化学有害因素 职业健康 风险评估 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]