大气环境中毒品监测研究进展  

A review on the determination of illicit drugs in the air

作　　者：王欢博 米兰[2] 霍婷婷[1] 唐恬 徐布一[2,3] WANG Huanbo;MI Lan;HUO Tingting;TANG Tian;XU Buyi(School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,621010,China;Sichuan Provincial Department of Public Security,Chengdu,610041,China;National Anti-Drug Laboratory Sichuan Regional Center,Chengdu,610299,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,绵阳621010 [2]四川省公安厅,成都610041 [3]国家毒品实验室四川分中心,成都610299

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第9期2974-2985,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目重点研发项目(2020YFS0056)资助。

摘　　要：毒品滥用严重危害人体健康,并给经济发展和社会进步带来巨大威胁.基于环境要素的毒品监测被广泛用于毒情评估中.大气环境中的毒品监测一般需要样品采集、萃取、净化、质谱分析等步骤.目前,大气环境中的毒品监测研究主要集中在意大利和西班牙,在毒品滥用严重的美国、澳大利亚、中国等地尚未见相关报道;监测的毒品种类主要是可卡因和大麻,其浓度范围为几十—几百pg·m^(−3),而对于广泛流行的甲基苯丙胺类和新精神活性物质鲜见报道.空气中毒品含量受观测点的地理位置、气象条件、排放方式等影响;已有报道的空气中毒品含量水平不会危害人体健康.本文从大气环境中的毒品来源、赋存形态、分析方法、全球浓度分布及暴露水平等角度介绍该领域研究进展,讨论了现有研究的不足并提出了未来的研究方向.Drug abuse has a serious impact on human health, and poses a huge threat to economic and social development. Illicit drugs in the air are generally determined as follows: sampling,extraction, purification, and mass spectrum analysis. So far, researches on the determination of illicit drugs in the air were mainly conducted in Italy and Spanish, but few campaigns were carried out in the United States, Australia, and China, where drug abuse are serious. Furthermore, only cocaine and cannabinoids were detected in the air with the concentrations ranging from tens to hundreds of pg·m^(−3), while methamphetamines being widely abused and new psychoactive substances were rarely reported. The concentrations of illicit drugs were influenced by the geography location,meteorological conditions, and emissions. Additionally, illicit drugs which have been determined in the air in previous studies showed negligible impacts on human health. In this study, researches on the emission sources, occurrence forms of the illicit drugs in the air, analysis methods, the distributions of their concentrations in the world, as well as the exposure levels were reviewed, and then the shortcomings of those reported studies on the determination of illicit drugs in the air were discussed, and finally the future researches on this area were suggested.

关 键 词：毒品 大气 滥用趋势 监测 综述 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]