大红火龙果正造果与反季节果生长发育的比较研究  

Study on Comparison of Development of In-season and Off-season Fruits of Dahong Pitaya

作　　者：戴宏芬[1] 李俊成 孙艺洪 孙清明[1] DAI Hongfen;LI Juncheng;SUN Yihong;SUN Qingming(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Science,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]汕头大学理学院,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第8期46-53,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广州市科技特派员项目(20212100031);广东省科技特派员项目(KTP20210078);广东省乡村振兴战略专项(粤农计﹝2018﹞37号,粤财农﹝2019﹞73号);广东省现代农业产业技术体系优稀水果创新团队建设项目(2019KJ116)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究火龙果正造果和产期调节反季节果的果实生长发育规律并建立模型,为优质高效果品生产提供理论依据和指导。【方法】以国内主栽品种大红火龙果为试材,定期测量正造果和反季节果的纵、横径,记录同期温度和日照长度,进行果实发育的Logistic生长曲线方程拟合。【结果】大红火龙果正造果纵、横径生长速度高于反季节果,发育时间短至28 d,果实偏小,长椭圆形,日最低温、日均温、日最高温、日照长度和日较差的平均值高于反季节果;反季节果发育时间长达63 d,果大,趋圆球形,日较差、日照长度、日最高温和日均温的积累值高于正造果;两种果实发育速度均呈“S”型,正造果纵、横径和反季节果纵径发育的拐点均出现在花冠脱落之前,而反季节果横径在花冠脱落之后继续快速增长、拐点出现在果实发育的9~12 d,此后生长速度越来越慢;反季节果纵、横径分别为正造果的1.03和1.25倍。【结论】大红火龙果正造果快速生长可能与果期较高的温度和日照长度的平均值有关;反季节果实更大可能与果期较高的温度和日照长度的积累值有关;反季节果横径充分发育是造成两种果实果形差异的直接原因之一;果实发育的单因子、多因子模型拟合效果好,可用于分析、预测果实的发育情况。【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the development laws of in-season and off-season fruits of pitaya and to set up growth models,which would provide theoretical basis and guidance for high-quality and highefficient fruit production.【Method】Dahong pitaya,the main domestic cultivar,was selected as test material.The vertical diameter(VD) and horizontal diameter(HD) of in-season and off-season fruits were measured at regular intervals during fruit development.The temperature and day length were recorded from flowering to maturing every day.Logistic growth equations of fruit development were fitted.【Result】The development of in-season fruits completed in 28 days.The VD and HD of inseason fruits grew faster than off-season fruits per day.In-season fruits were oblong and much smaller.The mean values of daily lowest temperature(DLT),daily average temperature(DAT),daily highest temperature(DHT),day length(DL) and daily temperature range(DTR) were higher than those of off-season fruits.The development of off-season fruits completed in 63 days.The fruit was nearly spherical and larger.The accumulations of DTR,DL,DHT and DAT were higher than those of in-season fruits.Growth curves of both fruits were in S shape.Inflexion point of VD curves of both fruits and HD curve of in-season fruits appeared before flower wilting.HD of off-season fruits was still growing faster and faster until the inflexion point appeared in 9-12 days after flowering,And the growth rate decreased more and more after inflexion point.VD and HD of ripened off-season fruits were 1.03 and 1.25 times those of in-season fruits,respectively.【Conclusion】Higher growth rate of in-season fruit may be relevant to higher means of temperature and day length in the course of fruit development.Off-season fruit was larger,which may be relevant to higher accumulations of temperature and day length.The full development of HD of off-season fruit was and one of the direct factors causing differences in fruit shape of the two fruits.Single facto

关 键 词：火龙果 正造果 反季节果 Logistic生长曲线 拐点 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]