三个南方主栽香蕉品种对低钾胁迫的生理响应分析  

Analysis on Physiological Response of Three Main Banana Varieties in South China to Low Potassium Stress

作　　者：萧美玲 李方剑 黄丽雅 麦翠珊 杨乔松[4] 王金祥[1,3] XIAO Meiling;LI Fangjian;HUANG Liya;MAI Cuishan;YANG Qiaosong;WANG Jinxiang(Root Biology Center,South China Agricultural University/College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Agricultural Technical Service Center of Dongguan Zhongtang Town,Dongguan 523220,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Control and Environmental Safety,Guangzhou 510642,China;Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministryof Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学根系生物学研究中心/华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]东莞市中堂镇农业技术服务中心,广东东莞523220 [3]广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室,广东广州510642 [4]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第8期54-63,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212040008)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选耐低钾高效型香蕉品种,为在缺钾严重的广东地区推广耐低钾高效的香蕉品种提供依据。【方法】以广东主导香蕉品种粉杂1号、南天黄、巴西为材料,设计正常钾(NK)和低钾(LK)水培试验,测定与钾营养有关的生理指标,从生物量、生理学特征和矿质营养方面进行比较。【结果】与正常钾相比,低钾处理30 d南天黄的假茎粗、株高、鲜质量、干质量降低幅度最小,南天黄整株干质量降低幅度为9.87%,分别为粉杂1号和巴西的49.87%、54.32%;虽然低钾处理后粉杂1号的根系活力和整株可溶性糖含量比巴西和南天黄偏高,但南天黄的氮磷积累量均无显著差异,而其他两个品种有显著差异;南天黄每株平均降低钾积累量为47 g,分别为粉杂1号和巴西的65.28%、75.81%,且只有南天黄的地上部钾的分配比率在低钾处理后升高;两次结果显示南天黄的钾效率系数最高,粉杂1号次之,巴西最低。【结论】南天黄比粉杂1号更耐低钾,对低钾胁迫不敏感,而粉杂1号与巴西对低钾胁迫敏感。南天黄是3个品种中最耐低钾胁迫品种。【Objective】The study was conducted to screen banana varieties with low postassium(K) tolerance and high K efficiency,with a view to providing theoretical basis for the promotion of banana varieties with low K tolerance and high K efficiency in Guangdong Province,where K deficiency is common and serious.【Method】With Fenza No.1,Nantianhuang and Baxi,the main banana varieties in Guangdong Province,as tested materials,the normal K(NK) and low K(LK) hydroponic experiments were designed to measure the physiological indexes related to K nutrition,and to conduct in-depth comparison and screening from the aspects of biomass,physiological characteristics and mineral nutrition.【Result】Compared with NK,the decrease of pseudostem diameter,plant height,fresh weight and dry weight of Nantianhuang was the lowest under LK treatment for 30 days,and the total dry weight of Nantianhuang decreased by 9.87%,which was 49.87% and 54.32% of that of Fenza No.1 and Baxi,respectively.Although the root activity and soluble sugar content of the whole plant of Fenza No.1 were higher than those of Baxi and Nantianhuang after LK treatment,while there was no significant difference in N and P accumulation of Nantianhuang,but there was significant difference between the other two varieties.The potassium accumulation of Nantianhuang decreased by 47 g per seedling,which was 65.28% and 75.81% of that of Fenza No.1 and Baxi,respectively,and only the potassium distribution ratio of Nantianhuang shoot increased after Low K treatment.The two results showed that the K efficiency coefficient of Nantianhuang was the highest,followed by Fenza No.1,and Baxi was the lowest.【Conclusion】Nantianhuang is more tolerant to Low K than Fenza No.1 and Baxi,and is insensitive to Low K stress,while Fenza No.1 and Baxi are sensitive to Low K stress.Therefore,Nantianhuang is most resistant to low K among the three varieties.

关 键 词：香蕉 低钾胁迫 干质量 钾积累量 钾效率系数 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学] S668.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]