基于新型超声波稻田蒸散仪晚稻蒸散量的特征分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Late Rice Evapotranspiration Based on a New Ultrasonic Paddy Field Evapotranspiration Instrument

作　　者：邓梅 黄晚华[2,3] 汪天颖 李晶 DENG Mei;HUANG Wanhua;WANG Tianying;LI Jing(Loudi Municipal Meteorological Bureau,Loudi 417000,China;Hunan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Changsha 410118,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Changsha 410118,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省娄底市气象局,湖南娄底417000 [2]湖南省气象科学研究所,湖南长沙410118 [3]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第8期137-144,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571560)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析晚稻蒸散量日变化、日平均蒸散量、累积蒸散量和典型天气条件下蒸散量的特征,探讨新型稻田蒸散仪的实际可应性。【方法】采用新型超声波蒸散仪,基于水量平衡法,以双季晚稻为研究对象,测定2017—2019年的晚稻蒸散量。【结果】新型超声波蒸散仪仪数据实采率、有效数据获取率均在93%以上,测定精度可达0.2 mm,数据稳定性方面可以保证大田观测数据的可用性;分析双季晚稻不同时间尺度的蒸散量发现,晚稻全生育期内的蒸散量约466 mm,其中分蘖期的累积蒸散量最大、约135 mm,拔节-抽穗期的平均蒸散量最大、为5.4 mm/d,表明晚稻在分蘖期和拔节-抽穗期需水量最大;典型天气(雨天除外)晚稻蒸散量日变化均表现为“Ω”型,以晴天的蒸散曲线峰值最大、为1.3 mm/h,通过拟合的R~2和P值看,晴天、多云和阴天蒸散量均呈六阶曲线分布。【结论】开展新型蒸散仪测定田间水稻蒸散量特征值的研究,研讨其适用性,可以为推广使用低成本、高精度、便捷的新型稻田蒸散量测定仪提供重要参考。【Objective】The diurnal variation,daily average evapotranspiration and cumulative evapotranspiration of late rice were analyzed.Based on the characteristics of evapotranspiration under typical weather conditions,the practical applicability of the new paddy evapotranspiration instrument was discussed.【Method】With the double-cropping late rice as research object,based on the water balance method,the evapotranspiration of late rice in 2017-2019 was measured by using a new type of ultrasonic evapotranspiration instrument.【Result】The actual data collection rate and effective data acquisition rate of the new ultrasonic evapotranspiration instrument are above 93%,and the measurement accuracy can reach 0.2 mm,which can ensure the availability of field observation data in terms of data stability.Based on the analysis of the evapotranspiration of double-cropping late rice on different time scales,it is found that the evapotranspiration of late rice in the whole growth period is about 466 mm,among which the accumulated evapotranspiration in the tillering stage is the highest,about 135 mm,and the average evapotranspiration in the jointing-heading stage of late rice is the highest,which is5.4 mm/d,indicating that late rice requires the most water at the tillering and jointing-heading stages.Under typical weather conditions (except rainy days),the diurnal variation of late rice evapotranspiration is in a“Ω”type,and the peak value of the evapotranspiration curve on sunny days is the largest,which is 1.3 mm/h.According to the fitted R~2 and p values,the evapotranspiration on sunny day,partly cloudy day and cloudy day conditions is distributed as a sixth-order curve.【Conclusion】The research on the eigenvalues of rice evapotranspiration measured by the new type of evapotranspiration instrument and its applicability can provide an important reference for promoting the use of low-cost,high-precision and convenient new type of rice field evapotranspiration measuring instrument.

关 键 词：新型稻田蒸散仪 超声波 蒸散量 晚稻 水量平衡法 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]