刑事二审抗诉实证研究——以M省数据为主要对象的分析  

Empirical Study of Procuratorates’ Criminal Appeal:Based upon M Province’s Judicial Data

作　　者：刘方权[1] Liu Fangquan

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2022年第5期16-40,共25页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：刑事抗诉是法律赋予检察机关刑事审判监督最重要的手段,通过对M省204份二审抗诉书和112份二审裁判文书的分析发现,事实认定错误与法律适用错误是检察机关提起二审抗诉的主要理由。但在实践中,一方面,事实认定错误与法律适用错误经常交织在一起;另一方面,不同检察机关就某一具体事项究竟属于哪一类错误在认识上存在分歧,并大多附随量刑不当的后果。从二审裁判结果上看,大约59%的抗诉案件,二审人民法院采纳了抗诉理由,并主要集中于以适用法律错误、量刑不当为由的抗诉案件。就整体的二审裁判结果而言,二审抗诉的力度有待加大;从二审抗诉理由被采纳的情况看,抗诉的质量虽然达到了最高人民检察院设定的合格预警线,但相较于一审判决的有罪判决率而言,尚有待提高;从抗诉理由多数不利于被告人的情况看,二审抗诉既未充分表达出抗诉的法律监督属性,也未充分践行检察官客观义务,因此局限了二审抗诉的社会效果。Filing an appeal is a vital approach for procuratorates to supervise trials as entrusted by laws.The analysis through 204 appeals filed by M province’s procuratorates and 112 judgments of M province’s courts of appeal shows that errors in determining facts and applying laws are the main arguments for procuratorates to file appeals in criminal cases.Nevertheless,contradictions always occur in practice.On the one hand,the differences between errors in determining facts and applying laws are not invariably clear at a glance;on the other hand,there are always divergent understandings among procuratorates in different areas as to whether a particular matter is factual or legal.Meanwhile,results are always against the accused concerning improper sentencing.Approximately 59% judgments of appellate courts are in favor of the prosecution party,particularly in cases that procuratorates appeal on grounds of judgments’ errors in determining facts or applying laws.Considering the number of appellate judgments that altered original judgments,it can be seen that procuratorates should perform their legal supervision function more actively.Based on the rate of appellate judgments following procuratorates’ arguments,it appears that the effect of procuratorates’ appeals in criminal cases should be improved,although it has met the evaluation criterion set by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.In view of the fact that the vast majority of procuratorates’ appeals are against the accused,procuratorates’ appeals have not fully exhibited the nature of legal supervision,which limits the judicial effectiveness of trial of second instance for society.

关 键 词：刑事二审抗诉 抗诉理由 抗诉结果 实证研究 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学] D925.2