郴州烟区烤烟上部叶推迟采收对烟叶可用性的影响  

Effect of Delayed Harvesting on Tobacco Availability of Upper Leaves in Chenzhou Tobacco-growing Area

作　　者：孟智勇[1] 杨坤 李伟[2] 余金龙 江祥伟 李井军 王俊生 刘锦涛 刘浩 李岩 宗胜杰 马浩波[1] 肖春生[2] MENG Zhiyong;YANG Kun;LI Wei;YU Jinlong;JIANG Xiangwei;LI Jingjun;WANG Junsheng;LIU Jintao;LIU Hao;LI Yan;ZONG Shengjie;MA Haobo;XIAO Chunsheng(Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Innovative Technology Team of Tobacco Pigment Control and Intelligent Curing,Xuchang,Henan 461000;Hunan Tobacco Company,China Tobacco Corporation,Changsha,Hunan 410007;Chenzhou Tobacco Branch Company,Hunan Tobacco Company,Chenzhou,Hunan 423000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所/河南省烟叶色素调控及智能化烘烤创新型科技团队,河南许昌461000 [2]中国烟草总公司湖南省公司,湖南长沙410007 [3]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第9期14-22,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司湖南省公司科技项目“提升烟叶可用性的竖配方模块化加工技术研究与应用”(HN2020KJ10)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明烤烟上部叶推迟采收对其可用性的影响,为郴州优质上部烟叶采收标准制定提供参考。【方法】以云烟87为供试材料,分析上部烟叶不同采收时间(以常规采收为对照,在常规基础上推迟3 d、6 d、9 d采收)烟叶品质和感官质量的差异。【结果】随采收时间推迟,上部叶外观质量、经济效益、两糖含量、风格及品质特征和工业可用性均呈先升后降变化趋势,烟碱含量呈持续下降趋势,糖碱比、氮碱比呈逐步上升趋势。与常规采收相比,推迟3~6 d采收烟叶经济效益增加,外观质量改善,总糖、还原糖含量增加,烟碱、总氮含量降低,糖碱比、氮碱比提高。推迟3 d采收,烤后烟叶经济效益最佳,焦甜香、醇甜香及特征彰显度最高,香气质量、杂气、口感等品质指标及工业可用性最好。【结论】郴州烟区上部烟叶在常规采收基础上适当推迟采收有利于提高烟叶品质和经济效益,其中以推迟3 d采收的烟叶外观质量高、烤后烟叶的化学成分协调性好、风格特征与品质特征突出。【Objective】The effect of delayed harvesting on tobacco availability of upper leaves is discussed to provide a reference for formulating the harvesting standard of high-quality upper tobacco leaves.【Method】The effects of different harvesting time(conventional harvesting time as CK;delayed 3 d,6 d and 9 d)on tobacco quality and sensory quality of upper leaves of Yunyan 87 are studied.【Result】With delay of harvesting time,the appearance quality,economic benefit,two sugar content,tobacco style and quality characteristics and its industrial availability of upper tobacco leaves all show the first rising and then declining trend,the nicotine content shows a continuous declining trend and the sugar/nicotine ratio and nitrogen/nicotine ratio both show the gradual rising trend.Delaying the harvest time for 3~6 days can increase economic benefits of upper tobacco leaves,improve appearance quality,increase total sugar and reducing sugar content,decrease nicotine and total nitrogen content and increase sugar/nicotine ratio and nitrogen/nicotine ratio compared with the conventional harvesting time.The economic benefit,burnt-swe-et and bouquet-sweetness flavor,style characteristics,quality characteristics,including aroma,offensive odor and taste,and industrial availability of upper tobacco leaves harvested delayed 3 d are the optimum.【Conclusion】Properly delaying the harvest time is beneficial to increase quality and economic benefit of upper tobacco leaves.The appearance quality of upper tobacco leaves harvested delayed 3 d is the best,when its harmony of chemical composition is good and its style and quality characteristics is significant.

关 键 词：烤烟 上部叶 成熟度 风格特征 品质特征 可用性 郴州烟区 河南 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]