减氮配施土壤改良剂对烤烟生长及产质量的影响  

Effects of Soil Amendment on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco under Reducing Nitrogen Rate

作　　者：陈晨 胡艳芳 程玉渊 刘园 牛莉莉 吴疆 赵园园 尹光庭 刘流 李倩 孙善兴 张常兴 CHEN Chen;HU Yanfang;CHENG Yuyuan;LIU Yuan;NIU Lili;WU Jiang;ZHAO Yuanyuan;YIN Guangting;LIU Liu;LI Qian;SUN Shanxing;ZHANG Changxing(Neixiang Branch Company,Nanyang Tobacco Company,Neixiang,Henan 474350;Nanyang Tobacco Company,Henan Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 473000;College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,LTD.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳市烟草公司内乡县分公司,河南内乡474350 [2]河南省烟草公司南阳市公司,河南南阳473000 [3]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002 [4]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第9期38-45,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司南阳市公司创新项目“基地单元定制化生产管理模式探索与应用”(NYYCGL2020014),“南阳烟区上部叶耐熟性提升和配套烘烤技术研究”(NYYCKJ201901)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明减氮配施土壤改良剂对烤烟生长及产质量的影响,为烤烟生产上减量施用氮肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,研究常规施肥(CK)、减氮施肥(T_(0))、减氮施肥+松土促根剂(T_(1))、减氮施肥+生物炭(T_(2))和减氮施肥+黄腐酸有机肥(T_(3))对烤烟生长及产质量的影响。【结果】T_(0)显著抑制烤烟的生长,农艺性状显著低于CK;减氮配施土壤改良剂各处理烟株的株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽和最大叶面积较T_(0)显著提高7.76%~13.13%、28.05%~33.03%、2.84%~5.18%、6.80%~8.01%和9.81%~13.40%;T_(0)抑制根系生长,根体积较CK减少24.51%,旺长期和成熟期根系活力降低10.14%和28.27%;减氮配施土壤改良剂可促进根系生长,根干重、根体积和不同时期根系活力较CK显著提高29.87%、27.30%和5.63%~28.27%;钾含量,减氮配施土壤改良剂各处理较CK显著提高0.29~0.59百分点,还原糖含量,T_(2)和T_(3)较CK显著提高1.95百分点和1.74百分点;产量,各处理为1868.3~2230.0 kg/hm^(2),T_(0)较CK显著降低10.46%,T_(1)较CK显著提高6.87%,减氮配施土壤改良剂各处理较T_(0)提高12.49%~19.36%;产值,各处理为39910.1~53341.4元/hm^(2),T_(0)较CK显著降低14.51%,T_(2)较CK提高14.27%,减氮配施土壤改良剂各处理较T_(0)提高22.27%~33.65%;中上等烟比例,各处理为71.9%~82.2%,减氮配施土壤改良剂各处理较CK和T_(0)分别提高4.91%~9.54%和9.49%~14.33%。【结论】减氮施肥烤烟的根系活力、农艺性状和产质量均低于常规施肥,减氮配施土壤改良剂则高于常规施肥,减氮配施土壤改良剂是实施减氮施肥下实现烤烟优质高产的有效途径。【Objective】The effects of applying soil amendment on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco under reducing nitrogen rate are discussed to provide the scientific basis for nitrogen reduction in tobacco production.【Method】The effects of conventional fertilization(CK),nitrogen reduction(T_(0)),nitrogen reduction+soil conditioner(T_(1)),nitrogen reduction+biochar(T_(2))and nitrogen reduction+fulvic acid organic fertilizer(T_(3))on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are studied by a field experiment.【Result】T_(0) inhibits growth of tobacco plants significantly and the agronomic traits of T_(0) are lower than CK obviously.The plant height,stem girth,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area of T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) increase by 7.76%~13.13%,28.05%~33.03%,2.84%~5.18%,6.80%~8.01% and 9.81%~13.40% compared with T_(0) respectively.The root volume of T_(0) decreases by 24.51% compared with CK and its root vigor at vigorous growth and maturity stage is 10.14% and 28.27% lower than CK.The nitrogen reduction+soil amendment treatments can promote root growth and their root dry weight,root volume and root vigor at different growth stages increase by 29.87%,27.30%and 5.63%~28.27% compared with CK separately.The soil potassium content of nitrogen reduction+soil amendment treatments increases by 0.29~0.59 percentage point compared with CK.The reducing sugar content of T_(2) and T_(3) is 1.95 and 1.74 percentage point higher than CK.The yield of T_(0),T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) is 1868.3~2230.0 kg/hm^(2).The yield of T_(0) is 10.46% lower than CK.The yield of T_(1) is 6.87% higher than CK.The yield of T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) increases by 12.49%~19.36% compared with CK.The output value of T_(0),T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) is 39910.1~53341.4 Yuan/hm^(2).The output value of T_(0) is 14.51% lower than CK.The output value of T_(2) increases by 14.27%compared with CK.The output value of T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) increases by 22.27%~33.65% compared with T_(0).The medium and superior tobacco proportion of T_

关 键 词：烤烟 减氮 土壤改良剂 根系活力 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]