毛乌素沙地暖湿化特征分析及其对植被变化的影响  

Analysis of Warming and Humidifying Characteristics of Mu Us Sandy Land and Its Influence on Vegetation Change

作　　者：朱永华 罗平平 郭倩 张盼 王美宇 闫龙[4] 汪勇[4] ZHU Yonghua;LUO Pingping;GUO Qian;ZHANG Pan;WANG Meiyu;YAN Long;WANG Yong(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Yan’an University,Yan’an,Shaanxi 716000;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054;School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]延安大学建筑工程学院,陕西延安716000 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710054 [3]长安大学水与环境学院,西安710054 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第5期160-172,180,共14页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41861124006);陕西省教育厅科技项目(21JK0982);延安市科技局项目(2018KS—02);延安大学博士研究项目(YDBK2019-35,YBDK2019-36,YBDK2017-19);延安大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(D2021041)。

摘　　要：气候暖湿化对植被生长及覆盖率乃至土地合理开发利用、生态环境保护均有重要的现实意义。以毛乌素沙地为研究区,基于1959—2019年的气象数据(气温、降水量及蒸发量),运用气候趋势变化、M-K突变和小波周期分析特征变化,并结合生长季归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)值探究其与研究区气象因子间的响应关系。结果表明:(1)研究区内毛乌素沙地年平均气温、年平均降水量、年平均蒸发量分别升高1.7℃、11.19 mm和33.82 mm,并呈显著上升趋势。(2)70年代是气象因子突变始发时间,且在70—90年代间进行了气温由冷变暖、降水由少变多、气候由干变湿的突变。(3)沙地年平均气温、降水及蒸发在时间序列上以20~30年的周期振荡最明显,且在28年处达峰,为毛乌素沙地气象因子变化的第1主周期。(4)1998—2019年NDVI总体呈现波动增加趋势,与蒸发和降水呈正相关的响应关系,蒸发显著性大于降水。研究结果可为当前气候变化下有效保护和管理生态系统提供科学依据。Climate warming and humidification has important practical significance for vegetation growth and coverage, as well as rational land development and utilization and ecological environment protection. Taking Mu Us sandy land as the study area, based on the meteorological data(temperature, precipitation and evaporation) from 1959 to 2019, this paper analyzed the characteristic changes of climate warming and humidification by using climate trend change, M-K mutation and wavelet cycle, and explored the response relationship between it and meteorological factors in the study area based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) value in the growing season. The results showed that:(1) During the study period, the annual average temperature, annual average precipitation and annual average evaporation in Mu Us sandy land increased by 1.7 ℃, 11.19 and 33.82 mm, respectively, and showed a significant upward trend.(2) The 1970 s was the starting time of the sudden change of meteorological factors, and the sudden change of temperature from cold to warm, precipitation from less to more, and climate from dry to wet occurred from 1970 s to 1990 s.(3) The annual average temperature, precipitation and evaporation in the sandy land oscillated most obviously in the period of 20~30 years, and reached the peak at 28 years, which was the first main period of the change of meteorological factors in Mu Us sandy land.(4) From 1998 to 2019, NDVI generally showed a fluctuating and increasing trend, which was positively correlated with evaporation and precipitation. The significance of evaporation was greater than that of precipitation. The research results could provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and management of these valuable ecosystems under the current climate change.

关 键 词：沙地 暖湿化 突变检验 小波分析 植被归一化指数 影响 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]