土壤施用TM35对甜菜幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Soil Mixed with TM35 on Growth of Sugar Beet Seedlings

作　　者：赵银 练雪萌 耿贵[1] 於丽华[1] 王宇光[1] ZHAO Yin;LIAN Xuemeng;GENG Gui;YU Lihua;WANG Yuguang(College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国糖料》2022年第4期43-48,共6页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31701487);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设项目(CARS-170209)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究土壤施用TM35(含石灰与缩节胺等物质)对甜菜幼苗生长状况及生理指标的影响,探索出最适宜甜菜生长的施用浓度。以甜菜品种‘KWS1176’为试验材料,设置土壤施用TM35浓度0%、1%、2%、3%和4%五个处理,进行土培试验,测定不同施用浓度对甜菜幼苗生物量、甜菜幼苗光合参数、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质、土壤pH和土壤养分等指标的影响。结果表明,(1)土壤施用TM35可提高土壤pH值和土壤有效磷含量,4%处理的土壤pH和土壤有效磷含量比0%处理分别提高了25.43%和30.05%。土壤速效钾含量呈下降趋势,4%处理的土壤速效钾含量比0%处理降低了16.93%。(2)土壤施用TM35可有效降低甜菜幼苗的株高和叶片长度,4%处理的株高和叶片长度比0%处理分别降低25.74%和25.37%;幼苗植株鲜重、叶片宽度、叶片鲜重、叶片干重、叶面积和叶片相对含水量均随施用浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在施用浓度为2%时达到最高值;其中2%处理的地上部鲜重和叶面积比0%处理分别提高了25.00%和7.26%。在施用浓度为4%时叶片数、叶片厚度、根鲜重、根干重和根冠比达到最高值。4%处理的根鲜重、根干重比0%处理分别提高了202.46%和123.62%。(3)土壤施用TM35在施用浓度为4%时蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶绿素含量达到最高值,4%处理的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素含量比0%处理分别提高了417.65%、522.81%和19.96%。(4)土壤施用TM35降低甜菜幼苗可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量,在施用浓度为4%时达到最小值,4%处理的可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量比0%处理分别降低25.18%、46.82%和29.01%。土壤施用TM35对甜菜幼苗生长有促进作用,其中施用浓度为4%时效果最佳。In order to understand the effect of soil application of TM35(lime and mepiquat chloride,etc)on the growth and physiological parameters of sugar beet seedlings,the most suitable application concentration for sugar beet growth was found.Using the sugar beet variety'KWS1176'as the test material,five treatments of soil application of TM35(0%,1%,2%,3%and 4%)were set up for soil culture experiments to determine their effects on sugar beet seedling biomass,sugar beet seedling photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll content,osmotically regulated substances,soil pH and soil nutrients.The results showed that(1)soil application of TM35 increased soil pH and soil available phosphorus content,compared with 0%,soil pH and soil phosphorus content of the 4%treatment increased by 25.43%and 30.05%,respectively.The soil available potassium content showed a decreasing trend,and soil available potassium content of the 4%treatment was 16.93%lower than 0%treatment.(2)Soil application of TM35 effectively reduced the plant height and leaf length of sugar beet seedlings,compared to 0%,the plant height and leaf length of the 4%treatment reduced by 25.74%and 25.37%,respectively;the fresh weight of seedlings,leaf width,fresh weight of leaves,dry weight of leaves,leaf area and relative water content of leaves all tended to increase and then decreased with increasing application concentrations,reaching the highest value at 2%.Compared to 0%,the aboveground fresh weight and leaf area of the 2%treatment increased by 25%and 7.26%,respectively.The number of leaves,leaf thickness,root fresh weight,root dry weight and root crown ratio reached their highest values at 4%.Compared to 0%,root fresh weight and root dry weight of 4%treatment increased by 202.46%and 123.62%,respectively.(3)When the application concentration of TM35 was 4%,transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)and chlorophyll content reached the highest value.Compared with 0%,the transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of 4%treatment increased by 417.65%,522.

关 键 词：甜菜 TM35 石灰 缩节胺 土壤 生理指标 光合参数 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]