基于2019/2020和2020/2021年榨季糖厂入榨数据的我国糖料蔗品种结构分析  

Analysis on the Variety Structure of Sugarcane in China based on the Data of Sugar Mills in the Crushing Seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021

作　　者：胡朝晖 HU Zhaohui(Institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510316;National Information Center for Sugarcane Industry,Guangzhou 510316)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广州510316 [2]全国甘蔗糖业信息中心,广州510316

出　　处：《中国糖料》2022年第4期74-80,共7页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：农业农村部农业农村经济发展相关监测全国甘蔗生产信息监测(125D0602-15195001)资助。

摘　　要：以近2个榨季我国糖料蔗入榨数据为对象分析我国糖料蔗的品种结构。2020/2021年榨季,我国糖料蔗入榨品种数143个,其中入榨量超过10万t的品种33个,入榨量占比超过1%的品种仅14个;主栽品种主要来自‘桂糖’、‘桂柳’、‘粤糖’、‘台糖’和‘云蔗’系列,5个系列品种合计入榨量占比95.15%,其中‘桂糖’、‘桂柳’和‘云蔗’3个系列占比呈现增长(14.26个百分点)的良好势头,其中占比超过20%的为‘桂糖42号’和‘桂柳05136’,且同比呈显著增长的态势。2020/2021年榨季,广西、云南、广东3个主产省区种植品种分别为67、75、59个,入榨量占比1%以上的品种个数分别为8、17、15个,其合计占比分别为95.38%、93.76%和93.28%。其中广西区占比前3位的品种是‘桂糖42号’、‘桂柳05136’和‘新台糖22号’,三者占比83.80%,前两位品种占比合计高达74.43%,且同比提高10.39个百分点;云南省占比前3位的品种是‘粤糖93-159’、‘新台糖22号’和‘桂柳05136’,三者占比40.56%;广东省占比前3位的品种是‘桂柳05136’、‘粤糖55号’和‘粤糖94-128’,三者占比合计46.08%。数据分析表明,我国糖料蔗品种虽多但大部分品种量少占比极低、品种集中度高;以‘桂糖42号’和‘桂柳05136’为代表的大陆自育品种取代‘台糖’系列成为主栽品种,但也出现了局部的、新的品种单一化;不同省区糖料蔗主栽品种和品种结构存在较大差异;品种改良取得巨大成效、良种率大幅增长;新一代良种快速增长,但我国糖料蔗依然存在新优良种供给不足的问题;糖料蔗种植缺乏科学合理的品种布局规划,导致品种结构不合理和劣质品种难以淘汰等问题。推动我国糖料蔗产业高质量发展,需要加快新优良种的选育、进一步加大力度推广现有良种及淘汰劣质品种、实施品种科学规划种植。Based on the data of sugarcane in China in recent two crushing seasons,this paper analyzes the variety structure in China.In 2020/2021 crushing season,the number of sugarcane varieties recorded is up to 143,including 33 varieties with a processing volume of more than 100000 tons and only 14 varieties with a proportion of processing volume of more than 1%.The main cultivars mainly came from’Gui tang’,’Guiliu’,’Yuetang’,‘Taiwan’and’Yunzhe’series,the 5 series of total amount accounted for 95.15%,among which the three series of’Guitang’,’Guiliu’and’Yunzhe’showed a good momentum of growth(14.26 percentage points),among which Guitang42 and Guiliu05136 accounted for more than 20%,and showed a significant year-on-year growth trend.In the 2020/2021crushing season,the number of varieties planted in Guangxi,Yunnan and Guangdong were 67,75 and 59,respectively,and the number of varieties with more than 1%accounted for 8,17 and 15 respectively,with a total proportion of 95.38%,93.76%and 93.28%respectively.In Guangxi,the top three varieties were Guitang42,Guiliu05136 and Taiwan 22,accounting for 83.80%,and the top two varieties accounted for 74.43%,increased 10.39 percentage points as compared with last crushing season;In Yunnan,the top three varieties were Yuetang93-159,Taiwan 22 and Guiliu05136,accounting for 40.56%;In Guangdong,the top three varieties were Guiliu05136,Yuetang55 and Yuetang94-128,accounted for 46.08%.Data analysis showed that,although there are many varieties,most varieties had small processing volume,the proportion of processing volume is very low and the variety area is small;The mainland developed varieties represented by Guitang42 and Guiliu05136 replaced‘Taiwan’series as the main varieties,but there was a local and new variety simplification;There are great differences in the main varieties and variety structure of sugarcane in different provinces and regions;Great achievements have been made in variety improvement and the rate of improved varieties has increased signi

关 键 词：甘蔗 糖料蔗 入榨数据 品种结构 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]