江西薄壳山核桃果实经济性状的研究  

Research on Fruit Morphology and Economic Characteristics of Carya illinoensis in Jiangxi

作　　者：左继林[1] 贺义昌[1] 黄建建[1] 翟敏[2] 翟茂根 ZUO Ji-lin;HE Yi-chang;HUANG Jian-jian;ZHAI Min;ZHAI Mao-gen(Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,China;Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Yichun Lvmao Pecan Science and Technology Company,Wanzai 336100,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]宜春绿茂薄壳山核桃科技有限公司,江西万载336100

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2022年第7期23-27,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBFL63011);江西省林业科学院木本油料树种省级种质资源库2022年补助项目(202204)。

摘　　要：以江西省现存薄壳山核桃优株与引进的良种为研究对象,对其产量、果实等经济性状进行了测定和分析,结果表明:(1)11个薄壳山核桃优株与11个栽培区良种之间的单果重、出仁率、果壳厚度、含油率均差异显著,优株的单果重为4.38~11.08 g,出仁率为35.91%~47.86%,果壳厚为1.09~1.56 mm,果实含油率为50.59%~69.31%;11个良种的单果重为4.37~10.25 g,出仁率为44.25%~63.08%,果壳厚为0.18~1.30 mm,果实含油率为65.53%~73.42%,单株产量为2.43~9.83 kg。(2)薄壳山核桃综合性状评价高的优株前5位为院4号、丰城4号、院8号、石城4号、院7号;良种为波尼、马罕、赣选3号、威其塔、金华。(3)优株的平均单果重、出仁率、含油率分别只有良种的83.93%、82.88%、90.75%,而果壳厚度比良种平均值高54.32%;优株的单果重与含油率变异系数分别比良种的高53.66%、113.75%,良种出仁率、果壳厚度的变异系数分别为优株的1.59、3.35倍。(4)进贤试验点良种的综合性状优于万载,石城优株的综合性状优于丰城、南昌试验点。The existing pecan Carya illinoensis in Jiangxi Province and introduced pecan Carya illinoensis were studied,and the yield,fruit morphology and other economic characters were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in fruit weight,yield rate,shell thickness and oil content between the 11 excellent Carya illinoensis trees and 11 improved varieties.The fruit weight,yield rate and shell thickness of the excellent hickory trees were 4.38~11.08 g,35.91%~47.86%and 1.09~1.56 mm,respectively.The oil content of fruit ranged from 50.59%to 69.31%.The single fruit weight of the 11 improved varieties was 4.37~10.25 g.The yield was 44.25%~63.08%.The shell thickness was 0.18~1.30 mm.The oil content of the fruit was 65.53%~73.42%,and the yield per plant was 2.43~9.83 kg.(2)The top 5 plants with high comprehensive character evaluation were Yuan 4,Fengcheng 4,Yuan 8,Shicheng 4 and Yuan 7.The improved varieties were Pawnee,Mahan,Ganxuan No.3,Weichita and Jinhua.(3)The average fruit weight,yield and oil content of the superior plant were only 83.93%,82.88%and 90.75%of those of the superior plant,respectively,while the shell thickness of the superior plant was 54.32%higher than that of the superior plant.The coefficient of variation of individual fruit weight and oil content of the superior plant were 53.66%and 113.75%higher than those of the superior plant,and the coefficient of variation of yield and shell thickness of the superior plant were 1.59 and 3.35 times of those of the superior plant,respectively.(4)The comprehensive characters of the strains in Jinxian were better than those in Wanzai,and Shicheng were better than Fengcheng and Nanchang.

关 键 词：美国薄壳山核桃 果实形态 经济性状 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]