劣势处境对农村儿童身体健康的影响——基于社会支持和饮食摄入视角的分析  

The Influence of Disadvantage Status on Rural Children’s Health Status from the Perspective of Social Support and Dietary Habits

作　　者：梁在[1] 李巧 LIANG Zai;LI Qiao(School of Humanity and Social Science,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi,710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《人口学刊》2022年第5期21-33,共13页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目:留守儿童与流动儿童发展状况动态监测研究(15AZD053)。

摘　　要：相比于和父母居住在一起的农村儿童,农村留守儿童、回流儿童处于更加不利的社会结构和环境之中。在这种环境下,劣势处境儿童所接受的社会支持来源主体和数量具有差异性,所形成的饮食习惯也有所不同,从而对他们的身体健康产生差异性的影响。文章从社会支持和饮食摄入视角入手,使用多重链式中介效应模型,分析处于劣势处境对农村儿童身体健康的影响。通过对陕西省以及四川省农村儿童调查数据的分析发现:处于劣势的农村儿童其社会支持状况明显劣于农村其他儿童;在家庭支持功能缺失的情况下,同伴是劣势处境儿童获得社会支持的主要途径,同伴影响作为劣势处境对农村儿童身体健康影响的中介效应显著;饮食习惯的中介效应同样显著,但是饮食习惯作用于留守儿童、回流儿童身体健康的途径具有差异性。城市生活经历以及较好的经济条件导致回流儿童形成了比农村其他儿童更为健康的饮食习惯,这是回流儿童区别于农村其他儿童的重要特征;家庭支持对处于劣势的农村儿童及其健康产生影响的内部机制存在差异,父母亲对留守儿童、回流儿童健康的影响路径具有差异性。干预农村劣势处境儿童身体健康发展需要从不同社会主体出发,根据不同影响机制和渠道制定具有针对性的政策。Compared to children living with their parents,left-behind children and return children in rural areas are in a more disadvantaged social structure and environment. Due to the differences of sources and volumes of social support and the eating habits,the health status of rural children is different. From the perspective of social support and dietary intake,we analyze the influence of disadvantage status on the physical health of disadvantaged children in rural areas. Using data from a survey in Shaanxi province and Sichuan province,the study shows that the social support received by disadvantaged children in rural areas is weaker than that of other children. In the absence of family support,peers are the main source of social support of disadvantaged children. Peer influence has a significant mediating effect on disadvantaged children and their physical health. The mediating effect of dietary habits is also significant,but there are differences in the ways in which dietary habits acted on the physical health of left-behind children and return children.The reason for the difference is that the urban life experience and better economic conditions led to the formation of healthier dietary habits among return children than other children in rural areas,which is an important characteristic that distinguished return children from other children in rural areas. In addition,there are differences in the internal mechanism of family support affecting the health of disadvantaged children,as well as differences in the path of parental influence on the health of disadvantaged children compared to other children in rural areas. Based on the above findings,intervention in the physical health development of rural disadvantaged children requires targeted policies from different social support and according to different influencing mechanisms.

关 键 词：留守儿童 回流儿童 社会支持 饮食习惯 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]