降温刺激下双孢蘑菇胞外酶活性、多糖含量及单糖组成的变化规律  

Changes of Extracellular Enzymes Activities, Polysaccharides Content and Monosaccharide Composition in Agaricus bisporus under Cold Stimulation

作　　者：应学兵 陆娜[2] 林佳瑶 YING Xue-bing;LU Na;LIN Jia-yao(Linan District Agriculture and Forestry Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 311300,China;Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心,浙江杭州311300 [2]杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州310024

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2022年第9期48-59,共12页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：双孢蘑菇菌丝从营养生长阶段转入生殖生长阶段需要一个最佳的“冷却-降温”催蕾过程,诱导其原基形成。通过设计4 d、6 d、8 d三个时间段内完成21.5℃到17.5℃的降温刺激试验,以漆酶、半纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶的酶活性,可溶性多糖含量,以及单糖组分为测定指标,对双孢蘑菇生长代谢能力进行评价。结果表明,4 d处理下半纤维素和淀粉酶活性更强,6 d处理下漆酶酶活性更强,8 d处理下羧甲基纤维素酶活性更高,4 d和8 d处理下蛋白酶活性更强;4 d内完成降温更能使双孢蘑菇具有高产和富含多糖成分的优势。Pearson相关系数分析发现,淀粉酶对多糖的积累呈现显著负相关,蛋白酶表现强正相关;羧甲基纤维素酶对产量的影响呈现显著负相关,半纤维素酶表现强正相关。确定最佳的“冷却-降温”时间,可更好地为工厂化双孢蘑菇催蕾期的环境调控提供科学参考。The hyphae of Agaricus bisporus step into the reproductive growth stage from vegetative growth stage requires an optimal’chilling-cooling’bud stimulation process, which can induce the formation of primordia. The experiment of cooling stimulation from 21.5 ℃ to 17.5 ℃ was completed in 4 days, 6 days and 8 days. The activity of laccase, hemicellulase, carboxymethyl cellulase, protease and amylase activity, the content of soluble polysaccharide, and the structure of monosaccharide were used as measurement indexes to evaluate the growth and metabolic ability of A. bisporus. The results showed that hemicellulose and amylase activities were stronger after treatment for 4 days, laccase activity was stronger after treatment for 6 days, carboxymethyl cellulase activity was higher after treatment for 8 days, and protease activity was stronger after treatment for 4 days and 8 days.Cooling stimulation for 4 days could make A. bisporus have the advantage of high yield and rich polysaccharides. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that amylase had a significant negative correlation with the accumulation of polysaccharides,while protease had a strong positive correlation. The effect of carboxymethyl cellulase on yield showed a significant negative correlation, hemicellulase showed a strong positive correlation. Determining the optimal ’chilling-cooling’time can provide a scientific reference better for environmental regulation of A. bisporus in the bud growth stage.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 胞外酶 多糖 单糖 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]