磁共振扩散成像在中枢神经系统中的应用及研究进展  

Applications and advances of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in central nervous system diseases

作　　者：李媛媛 王龙[1,2,4] 杨世锋 纪淙山 顾慧 陈宝锦 赵硕 张传臣 王锡明[2,3] LI Yuanyuan;WANG Long;YANG Shifeng;JI Congshan;GU Hui;CHEN Baojin;ZHAO Shuo;ZHANG Chuanchen;WANG Ximing(Department of Radiology,Liaocheng People's Hospital,Liaocheng 252000,China;Department of Radiology,Shandong Provincial Hospital,Shandong University,Jinan 250021,China;Department of Radiology,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250021,China;Department of Cardiovascular Sergery,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省聊城市人民医院影像,科山东聊城252000 [2]山东大学附属省立医院医学影像科,山东济南250021 [3]山东第一医科大学附属省立医院医学影像科,山东济南250021 [4]山东第一医科大学附属省立医院心脏大血管外科,山东济南250021

出　　处：《医学影像学杂志》2022年第9期1577-1580,共4页Journal of Medical Imaging

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81871354);山东省自然科学基金项目(编号:ZR2021QH263);山东省自然科学基金项目(编号:ZR2021QH352);山东第一医科大学学术提升计划项目(编号:2019QL023)。

摘　　要：扩散成像作为功能磁共振成像方法的一种,通过定量分析组织内水分子的扩散运动来反映生物组织活体状态下的微观结构特征。以磁共振扩散张量成像为代表的扩散成像技术已经在脑病诊断和治疗中发挥重要作用,成为研究的热点领域。近年来,随着纳米尺度活体检测技术的进步,脑细胞外间隙及其内类淋巴组织液的引流途径得以解密,诸如扩散加权成像、扩散张量成像、扩散峰度成像及基于体素内不相干运动等磁共振扩散成像技术都因此面临重大突破的可能性。本文回顾磁共振扩散成像技术发展历史的同时,介绍最新发展的脑细胞外间隙检测技术方法及新的科学发现,并在此基础上,对扩散成像在脑病诊治新方法和脑病新药研发中的作用和价值进行讨论。As a method of functional magnetic resonance imaging,diffusion magnetic resonance imaging reflects the microscopic characteristics of biological tissue in vivo by quantitatively analyzing the diffusion motion of water molecules within tissues.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technology represented by diffusion tensor imaging has played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy and has become a hot field of research.In recent years,with the progress of nanoscale in vivo detection technology and the deciphering of drainage pathway of brain extracellular space and glymphatic system,such as diffusionweighted imaging,diffusion tensor imaging,diffusion kurtosis imaging,and intravoxel incoherent motionare face the possibility of major breakthroughs.In this review,we will review the development history of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,and introduce the latest development of extracellular space detection technology and new scientific discoveries.On this basis,we will discuss the new methods of diffusion imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy.

关 键 词：磁共振成像 扩散加权成像 扩散张量成像 扩散峰度成像 基于体素内不相干运动 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R742[医药卫生—诊断学]