N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对荷藏杂交牛产奶性能和高原适应性的影响  

Effects of N-Carbamylglutamate on Lactation Performance and Plateau Adaptability of Holstein×Tibet Hybrid Cows

作　　者：姜奥宇 巴桑珠扎[3] 李斌[3] 吴祎程 彭锦芬 吕小康 刘梓欣 黄喜妹 周传社[1,2] 陈亮 谭支良[1,2] JIANG Aoyu;BASANG Zhuzha;LI Bin;WU Yicheng;PENG Jinfen;LYU Xiaokang;LIU Zixin;HUANG Ximei;ZHOU Chuanshe;CHEN Liang;TAN Zhiliang(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Process,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Animal Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Zhongshan Nenghe Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Zhongshan 528415,China;Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室,动物营养生理与代谢过程湖南省重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850000 [4]中山市能和生物科技有限公司,中山528415 [5]沈阳农业大学乡村振兴战略研究院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第9期5879-5890,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：湖南创新型省份建设专项(2020WK4002);西藏自治区科技计划重大专项(XZ202101ZD003N)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究高海拔低氧环境中饲喂N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对奶牛养分表观消化率、泌乳性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标以及抗高原反应指标的影响。选用胎次、体重、产奶量和体况评分相近的20头泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛×西藏黄牛杂交第3代奶牛,随机分为2组,每组10头。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,NCG组在基础饲粮中添加20 g/(头·d)NCG。试验期45 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)NCG组4%乳脂校正乳和饲料转化率比CON组分别提高39.35%和54.16%(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,NCG组产奶量和乳总固形物含量显著提升(P<0.05),乳尿素氮含量降低19.61%(P=0.13),乳脂率提高8.53%(P=0.13)。3)与CON组相比,NCG组瘤胃液中的氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量降低38.11%(P<0.05),微生物蛋白质含量提高12.43%(P<0.05),同时乙酸/丙酸比值具有升高的趋势(P=0.07)。4)NCG组血清总胆固醇含量和谷丙转氨酶活性相较于CON组显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量相较于CON组显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与CON组相比,NCG组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性以及总抗氧化能力显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛和活性氧含量显著降低(P<0.05)。6)与CON组相比,饲粮中补充NCG可显著提高奶牛血清中血管内皮生长因子与一氧化氮含量(P<0.05),提高血清内皮型一氧化氮合酶与诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加NCG能够提高高海拔低氧环境中奶牛的泌乳性能、抗氧化以及抗高原反应能力,改善机体肝脏代谢以及氮素循环。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N-carbamyl glutamate(NCG)fed at high altitude and low oxygen environment on nutrient apparent digestibility,lactation performance,rumen fermentation parameters,serum biochemistry indexes,antioxidant indexes and anti-altitude response indexes of dairy cows.Twenty hybrid cows of Holstein dairy cow×Tibetan cattle cross third generation dairy cows in pre-lactation with similar parity,body weight,milk yield and physical condition scores were randomly divided into two groups of 10 cows each.The control group was fed a basic diet(CON group),and the NCG group was added 20 g/(head·d)NCG to the basic diet.The experiment lasted for 45 d,including 15 d for pre-test and 30 d for formal test.The results showed as follows:1)the 4%fat corrected milk and feed conversion rate in NCG group were 39.35%and 54.16%higher than those in CON group,respectively(P<0.05).2)Compared with CON group,the milk yield and milk total solid content of NCG group were significantly increased(P<0.05),milk urea nitrogen content was decreased by 19.61%(P=0.13),and milk fat percentage was increased by 8.53%(P=0.13).3)Compared with CON group,ammoniacal nitrogen(NH 3-N)content in rumen fluid of NCG group was decreased by 38.11%(P<0.05),and microbial protein content was increased by 12.43%(P<0.05),and there was an increasing trend in acetic/propionic(P=0.07).4)The total cholesterol content and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of NCG group were significantly lower than those in CON group(P<0.05),and the content of triglyceride was significantly increased compared with CON group(P<0.05).5)Compared with CON group,the glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity of NCG group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species(P<0.05)were significantly decreased.6)Dietary NCG supplementation could significantly increase the contents of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide(P<0.05),as well as activ

关 键 词：N-氨甲酰谷氨酸 荷藏杂交牛 泌乳性能 抗氧化 抗高原反应 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]