失效模式与效应分析在口腔科护士职业安全管理中的应用效果  

The application effect of failure mode and effect analysis on occupational safety management of nurses in stomatology department

作　　者：宫慧娟 楼燕凤 GONG Huijuan;LOU Yanfeng(General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command,Nanjing,210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军东部战区总医院,江苏省南京市210008

出　　处：《护理实践与研究》2022年第19期2964-2968,共5页Nursing Practice and Research

摘　　要：目的探讨应用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)安全管理模式降低口腔科护士职业损伤率、提高护士的风险防范意识的效果。方法选取医院42名口腔科护士为研究对象,2020年5—9月采用常规职业安全管理模式管理为干预前;2020年10月—2021年2月对口腔科护士进行失效模式与效应分析职业安全管理模式管理为干预后,根据风险序数(RPN)得分,优选失效模式和原因,制定相应措施并采取行动,持续改善直至RPN在可接受范围内。通过填写问卷方式获得护士在FMEA职业安全管理干预前后的职业损伤率以及职业危害防护认知,分析口腔科护士发生职业损伤的原因。结果FMEA干预后的生物性职业损伤、化学性职业损伤、物理性职业损伤、运动功能性职业损伤、暴力功能性职业损伤、心理性职业损伤均降低,干预前后比较差异性均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FMEA干预后,护士职业危害防范意识有所提升,与干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FMEA安全管理模式通过分析口腔科护士发生的职业损伤的原因,制定有效的改进措施,能有效降低护士生物性、化学性、物理性、运动功能性、暴力功能性、心理性职业损伤率,提高口腔科护士职业危害防护认知能力。Objective To explore the eff ect of failure model and eff ect analysis(FMEA)safety management mode on reducing the occupational injury rate and improving the risk prevention awareness of nurses in stomatology department.Methods A total of 42 dental nurses were selected as the research objects.From May to September 2020,routine occupational safety management mode was used as the management mode before intervention.From October 2020 to February 2021,failure mode and eff ect analysis was conducted on nurses in stomatology department.Failure modes and causes were optimized according to the risk priority number(RPN)score,corresponding measures were formulated and actions were taken,and continuous improvement was carried out until RPN was within the acceptable range.The occupational injury rate and occupational hazard protection cognition of nurses before and after FMEA occupational safety management intervention were obtained by fi lling in the questionnaire,and the causes of occupational injury of nurses in stomatology department were analyzed.Results After FMEA intervention,the biological occupational injury,chemical occupational injury,physical occupational injury,motor functional occupational injury,violent functional occupational injury and psychological occupational injury were all decreased,and the diff erences were statistically signifi cant before and after intervention(P<0.05).After FMEA intervention,nurses'awareness of occupational hazard prevention was improved,the diff erence was statistically signifi cant compared with that before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion FMEA safety management model could effectively reduce the rate of biological,chemical,physical,motor function,violent function and psychological occupational injury of nurses in the department of stomatology by analyzing the causes of occupational injury and formulating eff ective improvement measures,and improve the cognitive ability of occupational hazard protection of nurses in the department of stomatology.

关 键 词：口腔科护士 职业安全 失效模式 效应分析 效果 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]