以国家整合为中心的大一统理念:基于对秦汉间三场政治论辩的解读  

The Idea of Great Unity as National Integration:Based on the Interpretation of the Three Political Debates in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：姚中秋 Yao Zhongqiu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学历史政治学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《学海》2022年第5期32-41,共10页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：大一统是中国的根本政治价值,对其进行研究不能局限于《春秋》公羊学的抽象义理,也不能局限于边疆问题或北方民族入主中原王朝的局部政治实践。本文重返秦汉大一统国家构建的历史进程,以历史政治学方法解读其间发生的三场重要政治论辩、对话:秦统一之初的封建、郡县之辩;李斯反对淳于越,寻求学术一统的论述;汉武帝与董仲舒的策问-对策。分析这些追求国家一统的实践性思想文本可以确认:大一统理念以推进国家整合为中心,包含空间、政治结构、精神与社会、时间四个维度,体现为疆域一统、政治一统、文教一统、古今一统。Great Unity is the fundamental political value of China. The research on it would not be limited to the abstract meaning of Gongyang’s commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals, nor to the border issues or the local political practice of the northern ethnic groups entering the Central Plains Dynasty. This paper returns to the historical process of the construction of a unified state of Qin and Han Dynasties, and interprets the three important political debates and dialogues that took place in the process with the method of Historical Politics: the debate on Feudalism or System of Prefectures and Counties, Li Si’s argument against Cunyu Yue and seeking academic unification, and the questions and Countermeasures between Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Dong Zhongshu. Through the analysis of these practical ideological texts in pursuit of national unification, this paper confirm that the central idea of Great Unity is to promote national integration, including four dimensions, i.e., space, political structure, spirit and society, and time, and embodied in the unification of territory, unification of political power, unification of education and religion, and unification of the ancient and the present.

关 键 词：大一统 秦汉国家 国家整合 历史政治学 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]