级别弥散与官本位体制的成熟:对唐宋官僚制级别管理的考察  

Ranking Dispersion and the Maturity of Bureacratic Ranking Standard:A Survey of the Bureacray Management in the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：刘杰[1] Liu Jie

机构地区：[1]中国行政管理学会,北京100017

出　　处：《学海》2022年第5期42-52,共11页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：本文以唐宋时期的级别管理为研究对象,以级别弥散为理论命题,分析唐宋官僚制走向成熟官本位的过程和机理。唐宋官本位体制的成熟从逻辑上可以分为如下步骤:首先是级别的结构性扩张,包括职位级别的品位化和品位级别的扩充,二者融为一炉,官僚制的重心向品位级别不断倾斜;其次是级别的功能性融合,品位级别不断向社会扩散,以精英吸纳的方式使大量“官人”散布在社会各领域和各层面;与此同时,官方通过各种制度安排,进行社会汲取,级别管理和社会水乳交融,崇“官”尚“官”的价值观、行为准则不断向社会扩散,官本位体制成为传统社会中重要的支配性力量。官本位体制成熟的过程,就是级别管理实现弥散的过程。In order to analyze the process and mechanism that bureaucracy became mature Bureacratic Ranking Standard in the Tang and Song Dynasties,this article takes Ranking Dispersion as a theoretical proposition and surveys the Bureacray management and argues that the maturity of Bureacratic Ranking Standard at the time to be developed through following steps:The first is the structural expansion of Bureacratic Rankings.In particular,the expansion of Rank-in-the-Person was more dramatic and became“The Standard”to lead the expansion of Rank-in-the-Position.The two Ranks merged constantly and the focus of Bureaucracy was titling towards Rank-in-the-Person.The second is the functional intergration of Bureacratic Rankings:allowing a large number of“bureacrats”to scatter in all fields and levels of society by means of elite absorption.Meanwhile,Policy makers continue to attract elites through various system arrangements and Ranking management has been a norm.“Respecting and honoring bureacrats”was social value and code of conduct that gradually diffusing throughout society.As a result,Bureacratic Ranking Standard has become an important dominant force in traditional society.These steps sbove constitute the process of Ranking dispersion.

关 键 词：官本位 级别管理 级别弥散 职位级别 品位级别 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学]