数字货币的类型化及其法律意义  

The Typification of Digital Currency and Its Legal Significance

作　　者：赵磊[1] Zhao Lei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《学海》2022年第5期98-106,共9页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“健全以公平为原则的产权保护制度研究”(项目号:20ZDA049)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：互联网时代下各式各样的数字货币应运而生,它们在底层技术、治理结构、储备资产等方面有所不同,须借助类型化的思维予以区分。根据信用基础的不同,实践中存在的数字货币可分为虚拟货币(Bitcoin为代表)、商业数字货币(Libra为代表)、数字法定货币(DCEP为代表)三种类型。对上述三种数字货币我国应该采取不同的法律规制思路:严格管制虚拟货币,谨慎观察商业数字货币,大力发展数字法定货币,并结合物权法、合同法等相关规定,在未来立法中,根据现实中出现的问题有针对性地将其纳入现行法律框架之中。In the Internet era,a variety of digital currencies emerge at the historic moment.They are different in underlying technology,governance structure,reserve assets and other aspects,which need to be distinguished by typological thinking.According to different credit bases,digital currencies in practice can be divided into three types:virtual currency(represented by Bitcoin),commercial digital currency(Libra)and digital legal tender(DCEP).Different legal regulations should be adopted for the above three digital currencies:strictly control virtual currency,carefully observe commercial digital currency,develop the digital legal tender.Combined with relevant provisions such as property law and contract law,in the future legislation,digital currencies will be incorporated into the current legal framework in a targeted manner according to the problems that arise in reality.

关 键 词：数字货币 信用基础 虚拟货币 商业数字货币 法定数字货币 

分 类 号：D922.281[政治法律—经济法学] F49[政治法律—法学] F822[经济管理—产业经济]