镁肥对温州蜜柑果实产量及品质的影响  

Effects of magnesium fertilizer on yield and quality of satsuma mandarin fruit

作　　者：刘小曼 刘晓东 刘闫 谭启玲 胡承孝 武松伟 谢合平 LIU Xiaoman;LIU Xiaodong;LIU Yan;TAN Qiling;HU Chengxiao;WU Songwei;XIE Heping(College of Resources and Environment/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Comprehensive Experiment Station of Mandarin in Yichang of Hubei Province,Yichang 443140,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/新型肥料湖北省工程实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北宜昌宽皮柑橘综合试验站,宜昌443100

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第5期84-90,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172513);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCB061)。

摘　　要：为确定镁肥在柑橘的合理施用量并提高柑橘果实的内外品质,以20年生枳砧温州蜜柑(Citrus un⁃shiu Marc.)为材料,设置5个镁肥水平,分别为MgO 0、100、150、200、250 g/株(记为CK、T1、T2、T3、T4),研究镁对温州蜜柑果实转色期及成熟期果肉糖酸组分、果皮色差值和色素含量的影响。结果显示:与不施镁相比,施镁能明显提高果实膨大期叶片镁含量;显著提高果实产量,且产量随镁肥用量的增加呈先增后减的变化规律,2019年及2020年分别以MgO 124、122 g/株时果实理论产量最高。镁肥能提高温州蜜柑果实转色期果肉蔗糖含量,显著增加果皮L、a、b、C值,显著降低果皮H值、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,提高果皮亮度、彩度及纯度;但对果实成熟期果肉糖酸组分、果皮L、a、b、C值及叶绿素含量无显著影响。在果实转色期,T2、T3及T4处理果实内外品质整体较好,但T4处理得分最高,果实品质更佳。结果表明,本试验条件下,温州蜜柑果实产量最高且品质较佳的推荐施镁量为MgO 122~150 g/株,果实品质最佳推荐施镁量为MgO 200~250 g/株。20-year-old satsuma mandarin trees in Yiling District,Yichang City,Hubei Province were used to study the effects of Mg fertilizer on the components of sugar and acid in pulp,the value of color difference and content of pigment in peel at the stage of fruit color changing and fruit maturity of satsuma mandarin to balance the rational application of magnesium fertilizer in citrus and improve the internal and external quality of citrus fruit.Five magnesium fertilizer levels were set as 0,100,150,200,and 250 g MgO per plant,denoted as CK,T1,T2,T3,and T4.The results showed that magnesium application significantly increased the content of magnesium in leaf at the stage of fruit expansion compared with no magnesium application.Mg fertilizer significantly increased the yield of satsuma mandarin fruit.The yield of fruit increased first and then decreased with the increase of Mg fertilizer dosage.In 2019 and 2020,the yield of fruit was the highest at 124 g and 122 g MgO per plant,respectively.Magnesium fertilizer increased the content of sucrose in the pulp at the stage of fruit color changing.Mg application significantly increased the value of L,a,b and C in peel,significantly reduced the H value,the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in peel.The brightness,chroma and purity of peel was improved.However,there was no significant impact on the content of sugar and acid in pulp,the value of L,a,b,C and the content of chlorophyll in peel at the stage of fruit maturity.The results of principal component analysis showed that the overall internal and external quality of fruit in T2,T3 and T4 treatment was better,while the quality of fruit in T4 treatment was the best at the stage of fruit coloring.It is indicated that the recommended magnesium application rate for the highest fruit yield and better quality of satsuma mandarin is 122-150 g MgO per plant,and the recommended magnesium application rate for fruit quality of satsuma mandarin is 200-250 g MgO per plant.

关 键 词：温州蜜柑 镁肥 缺镁 产量 果实品质 果皮着色 

分 类 号：S143.72[农业科学—肥料学] S666.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]