喷施除草剂对橘园土壤及果实品质的影响  

Effects of herbicide spraying on soil and fruit quality in citrus orchards

作　　者：沈玥 宋放 陈爽 李红飞 郭慧芸 潘志勇[1] SHEN Yue;SONG Fang;CHEN Shuang;LI Hongfei;GUO Huiyun;PAN Zhiyong(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第5期98-107,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000102);国家柑橘产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：为研究3种常用除草剂(草甘膦异丙胺盐、草铵膦、精喹禾灵)对橘园土壤理化性质、土壤根际微生物及果实品质的影响,以20年生温州蜜柑结果树为对象,检测喷施除草剂前后土壤理化性质、土壤根际微生物及果实品质等指标的变化。结果显示:喷施草甘膦异丙胺盐导致橘园土壤酸化,而喷施草铵膦或精喹禾灵对土壤pH无显著影响;喷施3种除草剂均导致土壤容重增加,且对土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性有不同程度的激活作用;喷施3种除草剂对土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮和速效钾、速效磷等养分含量无显著影响;喷施3种除草剂导致土壤微生物群落组成显著变化和根际微生物多样性下降,导致土壤放线菌门、酸杆菌门等微生物相对丰度下降以及蓝细菌门等微生物相对丰度上升;喷施3种除草剂均导致果实单果质量、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量下降、可滴定酸含量上升并推迟了果皮转色。研究结果表明,施用除草剂对橘园土壤生态及果实品质有显著不利影响,应客观认识除草剂的作用并合理施用除草剂。The effects of three commonly used herbicides including glyphosate isopropylamine,glufosinate,and quizalofop-p-ethyl on the physicochemical properties of soil,rhizosphere microorganisms in soil and fruit quality in citrus orchards were investigated.The 20-year-old satsuma mandarin fruit trees were used to detect the changes of physicochemical properties of soil,the diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in soil and fruit quality.The results showed that the spraying of glyphosate isopropylamine led to soil acidification,while the spraying of glufosinate or quizalofop-p-ethyl had no significant effect on soil pH.The spraying of the three herbicides increased the bulk weight of soil and somehow activated acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,urease and sucrase in soil.None of the three herbicides had effect on the nutrient content of organic matter,soil alkaline nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus in soil.Spraying the three herbicides led to significant changes of microbial community composition in soil and the decrease in diversity of microbial rhizosphere,resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of microorganisms including Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria,and an increase in the relative abundance of microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria phylum.The spraying of three herbicides resulted in a decrease in the weight of single fruit and the content of soluble solids,vitamin C,and an increase in the content of titrable acid,and the delayed change of peel color.It is indicated that the spraying of herbicides had significant adverse effects on the ecology of soil and the fruit quality in orange orchards.It will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the function of herbicides objectively and advocating less spraying of herbicides in citrus orchards.

关 键 词：温州蜜柑 除草剂 土壤 微生物 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]