淹渍胁迫下枳砧温州蜜柑的形态特征和生理响应  

Morphological characteristics and physiological responses of satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.)with trifoliate orange rootstock(Poncirus trifoliate(L.)Raf.)under waterlogging stress

作　　者：李菲菲[1] 唐超兰 蒋红梅 陈鹏[1] 韩健[1] 郭玲霞 许园园 卢晓鹏[2] LI Feifei;TANG Chaolan;JIANG Hongmei;CHEN Peng;HAN Jian;GUO Lingxia;XU Yuanyuan;LU Xiaopeng(Institute of Horticulture,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Hongjiang City,Hongjiang 418100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学园艺学院,长沙410128 [3]湖南省洪江市农业农村局,洪江418100

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第5期122-133,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32102313;31872044);国家柑橘产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：为探究淹渍胁迫后枳砧温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)植株的形态特征变化及其生理响应机制,以枳砧‘市文’温州蜜柑成年树为试材,进行盆栽土壤淹水胁迫处理,将植株根部分别淹渍处理2、5、10、15、20 d,以正常灌溉为对照(CK),观察其形态学及根系解剖结构特征的变化,并测定叶片的光合参数、叶片和根系的渗透调节物质、无氧呼吸酶活性、丙二醛含量及树体矿质营养元素等指标。结果显示:淹渍5 d时,根系开始出现异味且韧皮部细胞饱满膨胀;淹渍10 d时,新老叶片已呈现不同程度的黄化,根系开始腐烂、变色,淹渍20 d左右,树体干枯死亡。与对照相比,淹渍胁迫处理早期(5 d内),根系乙醇脱氢酶活性显著升高,随着淹渍胁迫时间的延长,根系中游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低并维持在较低水平,丙二醛含量仅在淹渍10 d时显著高于对照。相同处理条件下,叶片中的叶绿素含量随淹渍时长持续下降,淹渍处理10 d时叶片的胞间CO_(2)浓度显著升高,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降。叶片中游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛和相对电导率自淹渍处理10~20 d均显著高于同期对照。淹渍胁迫5 d和20 d时,茎和叶片多数矿质营养积累未发生变化,根系中的P、K、Ca、Mg含量与对照相比显著减少。结果表明,枳砧温州蜜柑不同组织对淹渍胁迫后的生理响应存在明显差异,叶片相对电导率和根系乙醇脱氢酶对淹渍胁迫的响应敏感;长期淹渍胁迫影响植株的光合性能、渗透调节物质含量及乙醇脱氢酶活性的变化,使叶片和根系出现明显可见的胁迫症状,导致植株生长缓慢,甚至死亡。The potted adult satsuma mandarin trees were treated under waterlogging stress for 2,5,10,15,and 20 d and normal irrigation was used as the control to observe the changes of its morphological and root anatomical characteristics to study the changes of morphological characteristics and physiological response mechanism of satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc‘.Ichifumi Wase’)under waterlogging stress.The photosynthetic parameters of leaves,the osmotic adjustment substances of leaves and roots,the activity of anaerobic respiratory enzymes,the content of malondialdehyde and the mineral nutrients of tree were determined.The results showed that the root system began to have an odor and the phloem cells were full and swollen after 5 days of waterlogging.The new and old leaves had appeared different degrees of yellowing,and the root system began to rot and discolored after 10 days of waterlogging.The tree body withered and died after being submerged for about 20 days.Compared with the control,the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the root system was significantly increased at the early stage(within 5 days)of waterlogged stress.The content of free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein was significantly decreased and maintained at low levels,and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly higher than that of the control only after 10 days of waterlogging.Under the same treatment conditions,the content of chlorophyll in leaves continued to decrease with the waterlogging time.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of leaves decreased significantly after 10 days of waterlogging,and the concentration of intercellular CO2 was significantly increased.The content of free proline,soluble protein,malondialdehyde and the relative electrical conductivity in leaves under waterlogging was significantly higher than that of the control at the same period for 10-20 d after waterlogging.Under waterlogging stress for 5 and 20 days,the accumulation of most mineral nutrients in stems and leaves d

关 键 词：温州蜜柑 淹渍胁迫 渗透调节物质 植株形态 生理特性 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]