适度干旱和叶喷调环酸钙对设施柑橘开花的影响  

Effects of moderate drought and foliar spray of spraying prohexadione calcium on flowering and tree vigor of citrus under facility cultivation

作　　者：余孝丰 黄贝 金龙飞 张德健 王鹏[1] YU Xiaofeng;HUANG Bei;JIN Longfei;ZHANG Dejian;WANG Peng(Institute of Citrus Research,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang Province,Taizhou 318026,China;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院柑橘研究所,台州318026 [2]长江大学园艺园林学院,荆州434025

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第5期134-141,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000102);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN22C150008);浙江省衢州市柯城区柑橘产业农业科技园区项目“鸡尾葡萄柚提质增效关键技术研究”。

摘　　要：为了探究干旱胁迫和调环酸钙对设施柑橘开花和树势的影响,以3年生避雨限根栽培枳(Poncirus trifoliate L.Raf.)砧‘鸡尾’葡萄柚(Citrus paradise Osbeck.)为试验材料,进行适度干旱(DR)和叶喷500 mg/L的调环酸钙(PC)处理,常规水肥管理作为对照(CK),观察不同处理对‘鸡尾’葡萄柚开花时间和花枝数的影响,并测定复水前的树势生理指标。结果显示:与对照相比,干旱胁迫可以有效延迟‘鸡尾’葡萄柚的秋季开花时间,且翌年春季每枝开花数显著升高;干旱处理植株叶片的叶绿素b含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT和SOD酶活活性显著增高,净光合速率、叶绿素总含量、C/N比值和POD酶活性降低;与对照相比,叶片喷施调环酸钙对‘鸡尾’葡萄柚秋季始花时间和数量无显著影响,但翌年春季每枝花数显著增加;调环酸钙处理植株叶片的厚度和质量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、CAT活性等增高,淀粉含量,C/N比值和POD酶活性等降低。以上结果表明,喷施调环酸钙能调节‘鸡尾’葡萄柚的营养和生殖生长,结合适度的干旱处理则可以调控设施栽培‘鸡尾’葡萄柚的集中开花时间。The 3-year-old Cocktail grapefruit(Citrus paradise Osbeck.)grafted on trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliate L.Raf.)cultivated with root restriction method under shelter from the rain was treated with moderate drought(DR)and foliar spray of spraying 500 mg/L prohexadione calcium(PC),and the conventional watering and fertilizing plants as control(CK)were used to study the effects of drought stress and foliar spray of spraying prohexadione calcium on the flower formation and tree vigor of citrus under facility cultivation.The blossoming and shooting status were observed and recorded under DR,PC and CK treatments in September,November 2021 and April 2022.The physiological parameters of tree vigor including the content of chlorophyll a and b,carbon,total nitrogen,antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves were tested before recovering with conventional watering.The results showed that the moderate drought effectively delayed the flowering date in autumn,and the number of flowers per shoot increased remarkably in the following spring compared with the control.In comparison with CK,the content of chlorophyll b and soluble protein and the enzyme activities of CAT and SOD increased significantly,while the net photosynthetic rate,the content of total chlorophyll,the content of starch,the ratio of C/N and the enzyme activity of POD were decreased in DR treatment.There were no significant changes of the date of flowering and the number of flowers between PC treatment and CK in autumn,however the number of flowers per shoot in spring was significantly increased in comparison with CK.The results of detecting physiological indicators of tree vigor in PC treatment showed that the thickness and weight of leaves,the content of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll,the enzyme activity of CAT increased,whereas the content of starch,the ratio of C/N and the enzyme activity of POD decreased compared with CK.It is indicated that the foliar spray of spraying prohexadione calcium can regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth of cocktail g

关 键 词：‘鸡尾’葡萄柚 设施栽培 干旱胁迫 调环酸钙 开花调控 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]