四种体育保健项目对北京市社区老年人身心健康和生活质量的影响研究  

A Study of the Influence of Four Sports and Health Activities on the Health and Quality of Life of the Elderly in Beijing Communities

作　　者：孙晓东 高林[1] Sun Xiaodong;Gao Lin(Department of Physical Education,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学体育教学部,北京100029

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第9期115-119,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：2022年北京中医药大学教育科学研究规划课题(项目编号:XJY22063)。

摘　　要：本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验法、数理统计法探究四种体育保健项目对北京社区老年人身心健康和生活质量的影响。结果显示:①八段锦、五禽戏及易筋经练习均能有效提升老年人的坐位体前屈成绩,步行/慢跑可以提升老年人的肺活量成绩,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);②八段锦、五禽戏及易筋经练习均能有效改善老年人的心境状态,特别是改善老年人的活跃性、愉悦性、愤怒性、抑郁性及无活力性维度;步行/慢跑练习则只对抑郁性和无活力性维度改善效果显著,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);③八段锦、五禽戏、易筋经和步行/慢跑练习均能有效改善老年人的心理健康和生活质量,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:①八段锦、五禽戏和易筋经练习均能有效提升老年人的柔韧素质,步行/慢跑练习可以提升老年人的心肺功能;②八段锦、五禽戏和易筋经练习均能有效改善老年人的心境状态,而步行/慢跑练习则只能改善老年人的负性情绪;③八段锦、五禽戏、易筋经和步行/慢跑练习均能有效改善老年人的心理健康和生活质量。The paper studies the effects of four sports and health activities on the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly in Beijing communities by literature review,questionnaire,experiment and mathematical statistics.RESULTS:(a)Ba Duan Jin(The Eight-Section Qigong Health Exercise),Wu Qin Xi(Five Animal Frolics Qigong Health Exercise)and Yi Jin Jing(Tendon-Muscle Strengthening Qigong Health Exercise)can effectively improve the Sit and Reach flexibility performance of the elderly,walking/jogging can improve the vital capacity of the elderly,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).(b)Ba Duan Jin,Wu Qin Xi and Yi Jin Jing exercises can effectively improve the mood of the elderly,especially the mood under these five dimensions viz.activity,pleasure,anger,depression and inactivity;Walking/jogging exercise had a remarkable effect on the relief of depression and inactivity only,with statistical significance(P<0.05).(c)Ba Duan Jin,Wu Qin Xi,Yi Jin Jing and walking/jogging exercises can effectively improve the mental health and quality of life of the elderly,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:(a)Ba Duan Jin,Wu Qin Xi and Yi Jin Jing exercises can effectively improve the flexibility of the elderly;walking/jogging exercise can improve the cardiopulmonary function of the elderly;(b)Ba Duan Jin,Wu Qin Xi and Yi Jin Jing exercises can effectively improve the mood of the elderly,while walking/jogging exercises can only ease the negative emotions of the elderly;(c)Ba Duan Jin,Wu Qin Xi,Yi Jin Jing and walking/jogging exercises can effectively improve the mental health and quality of life of the elderly.

关 键 词：身心健康 生活质量 八段锦 五禽戏 易筋经 老年人 

分 类 号：G812.48[文化科学—体育学]