“四深”微生物的地质作用——从气候环境变化到生态灾难  

Geological agents of microbes in deep sea,deep Earth,deep space and deep time:From climate and environmental changes to ecological crisis

作　　者：谢树成[1,2] 罗根明[1,2] 朱秀昌 王灿发 袁松虎[1] 邱轩 纪建达 阮小燕 XIE Shucheng;LUO Genming;ZHU Xiuchang;WANG Canfa;YUAN Songhu;QIU Xuan;JI Jianda;RUAN Xiaoyan(State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430074;Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430074;Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment Warning and Monitoring,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen,Fujian,361005)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]流域关键带演化湖北省重点实验室,中国地质大学(武汉),武汉430074 [3]自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋生态环境预警监测研究室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《地质论评》2022年第5期1575-1583,共9页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41830319,41821001);111计划(编号:BP0820004)的成果。

摘　　要：“四深”微生物是指深海、深地、深空和深时环境的微生物,特别是细菌、古菌、真菌、病毒等。人们对“四深”微生物的了解非常有限,是亟待突破的地球生物学前沿领域。“四深”微生物的研究对理解地球生命起源、界定生物圈的边界条件、促进地球科学与生命科学以及行星科学之间的交叉融合具有不可替代性的贡献。随着我国深海、深空、深地等重大工程计划的推进,一系列与“四深”微生物有关的前沿科学问题不断提出,包括地质微生物与气候环境的相互作用、地质微生物的生物安全与生态安全、地质微生物参与的隐匿地质过程等。特别是,“四深”环境活性氧自由基对微生物的影响、地质病毒对生物演化和地质过程的影响等前沿领域都亟待突破。活性氧自由基能对生物分子、细胞、组织和器官,乃至整个生物圈的演化以及微生物地质作用都产生重要影响。病毒引发了现代和近代诸多全球性疫情爆发,地质病毒则可能对生物的背景灭绝和大灭绝以及一些地质过程产生影响。Microbes in deep sea,deep Earth,deep space and deep time are referred here to four deep microbes(abbreviated as 4 D microbes),including bacteria,archaea,fungi,virus,etc.Knowledge about 4 D microbes are very limited in comparison with those in Earth surface system.4 D microbes are thus proposed to be one of the key frontiers in geobiology,which helps to understand the origin of life in Earth,to constrain the boundaries of the biosphere,and to promote the cut-edge investigations on geosciences,life science and planetary science.A series of grand engineering projects were launched in recent years in China,providing unique opportunity for Chinese scientists to investigate some critical issues related to the 4 D microbes.Some issues to be investigated include the interactions and co-evolution between the 4 D microbes and climate and environments,the ecological and biological security of the 4 D microbes,and the cryptic biogeochemical processes.The reactive oxygen species(ROS) in cells are paid great attention to in life science.However,ROS in natural environments are needed to be investigated,concerning their impact on molecular,cellular and ecological levels of organisms as well as the whole biosphere turnover and the microbial roles in geological history.Virus is believed to throw great impact on our society in modern days,leading to the occurrence of global pandemic,but the virus in geological times remains to be investigated on their impact on the background extinction and mass extinction in Earth history due to the lack of substantial geological records.

关 键 词：地球生物学 生物地球化学 天体生物学 地质病毒 细菌 古菌 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学] P593[天文地球—地球化学] P467[天文地球—地质学]