火山学述评  

A review on volcanology

作　　者：丁毅 DING Yi(Institute of Geological Surveys of Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,050031;College of Interdisciplinary of Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,050022)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学交叉科学学院,石家庄050031 [2]河北地质大学地质调查研究院,石家庄050022

出　　处：《地质论评》2022年第5期1955-1968,共14页Geological Review

基　　金：河北省教育局2021引智项目(编号:360208)的成果。

摘　　要：火山学研究有了长足的进步。笔者总结近些年全球火山学研究各个方面的成果,包括对火山基本概念的新的认识、火山机构、火山的各种分类、火山岩石学和地球化学、火山岩相学、评估火山爆发大小的火山爆发指数、岩石和地球化学分类、各种常量和微量元素区分图、活火山分布与板块构造理论的关系、活火山给人类带来的灾害与利益和活火山的监测、曾经的火山活动与生物毁灭、单成因火山研究等。火山—构造是未来火山学研究的一个方向,通过火山与构造关系的研究以揭示火山的分布和地球的演化。火山喷出的岩浆是其通过地下以岩墙或管道形式为通道运移到地表的结果。中朝边境上的长白山的位置是个特例,应当值得深入的研究。中国分布有许多新生代火山,它们是否为单成因火山、这些火山在成分上是否有演化规律、它们的分布与大地构造的关系等都有待深入和系统的研究。Great progress has been made in volcanology.This paper summarizes the achievements in various aspects of volcanology in global research in recent years,including new understanding of the basic concept of volcanoes,volcanic constructions,various classifications on volcanoes,volcanic petrology and geochemistry,volcanic petrography,volcanic eruption index for evaluating the size of volcanic eruption,classification of rocks and geochemistry,discrimination diagrams of various major and trace elements,the relationship between the distribution of active volcanoes and plate tectonic theory.The disasters and benefits brought by active volcanoes to mankind,the monitoring of active volcanoes,the past volcanic activities on biological destruction,the research of monogenic volcanoes,etc.Volcanic ~ tectonics is a direction of volcanology research in the future.Through the study of the relationship between volcanoes and tectonics,we can reveal the distribution of volcanoes and the evolution of the earth.The magma ejected by volcano is the result of propagation to the surface in the form of dike or pipe.The location of Changbai Mountain on the border between China and North Korea is a special case,which should be worthy of in-depth study.There are many Cenozoic volcanoes distributed in China.Whether they are monogenic volcanoes,these volcanoes have evolution regulation in compositions,and the relationship between their distribution and geotectonic need to be deeply and systematically studied.

关 键 词：火山 火山学 火山机构 爆发指数 板块构造 火山监测 

分 类 号：P317[天文地球—固体地球物理学]