玉米耐高密品种冠层光氮分布及匹配特征研究  

Distribution and matching characteristics of light and nitrogen in maize canopy of high-density tolerance varieties

作　　者：王梦 周光远 高聚林[1] 于晓芳[1] 孙继颖[1] 胡树平[1] 青格尔[1] 屈佳伟 马达灵 王志刚[1] WANG Meng;ZHOU Guang-Yuan;GAO Ju-Lin;YU Xiao-Fang;SUN Ji-Ying;HU Shu-Ping;QING Ge-Er;QU Jia-Wei;MA Da-Ling;WANG Zhi-Gang(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第12期3179-3191,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160507);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021SZD0012)资助。

摘　　要：在有限氮投入下通过增密种植实现玉米增产增效,需要进一步挖掘耐密品种的光氮匹配利用潜力。揭示不同耐密品种冠层光氮空间分布和匹配特征差异,及其与玉米产量形成及氮效率的关系,对探索玉米产量效率层次差异消减途径具有指导意义。本试验以常规品种KH8和耐高密品种MC670为试验材料,在减氮增密条件下,系统分析了常规和耐密型玉米品种冠层光氮分布及匹配特征的差异。结果表明,耐高密品种MC670穗位以上透光率较常规品种KH8高20.6%。两品种的比叶氮(specific leaf nitrogen,SLN)均表现为上层叶片、中层叶片显著高于下层叶片;MC670上层、中层叶片SLN显著高于KH8,但下层叶片差异不显著。KH8和MC670的光氮匹配系数分别为1.28和0.86,MC670的光氮匹配系数与理想值差异较小,说明MC670的光氮匹配程度优于KH8。综上所述,与常规品种KH8相比,耐高密品种MC670冠层具有较低的消光系数和较高的氮消减系数,使耐高密品种冠层具有较优的光氮匹配程度,同时使其中上部冠层具有更高的光合氮比例、光合氮效率和光合生产力,这是其实现较高的氮肥生理效率、氮肥利用效率及获得高产的重要生理内因。To increase maize yield and efficiency through high-density planting with limited nitrogen input,it is necessary to further explore the potential of light-nitrogen matching utilization of dense-tolerant varieties.Revealing the spatial distribution and matching characteristics of light and nitrogen in canopy in canopy of different density-tolerant varieties,and their relationship with maize yield formation and nitrogen efficiency,is of guiding significance for exploring the reduction of maize yield and efficiency hierarchy differences.In this experiment,the conventional variety KH8 and the high-density tolerant variety MC670 were used as the experimental materials.The planting density was set at 82,500 plants hm–2 and the nitrogen application rate was 150kg hm–2,systematic analysis of the different varieties of dense canopy light resistant nitrogen differences in spatial distribution and matching characteristics.The results showed that the transmittance of MC670 was 20.6%significantly higher than that of KH8.SLN(specific leaf nitrogen)of upper and middle leaves was significantly higher than that of lower leaves in both cultivars.The SLN of upper and middle leaves of MC670 was significantly higher than that of KH8,but the difference of lower leaves was not significant.The matching coefficients of light and nitrogen for KH8 and MC670 were 1.28 and 0.86,respectively.The difference between the matching coefficients of light and nitrogen for MC670 and the ideal value was small,indicating that the matching degree of light and nitrogen for MC670 was better than KH8.In conclusion,compared with the conventional varieties KH8,the canopy of high-density resistant varieties MC670 had lower extinction coefficient and higher nitrogen reduction coefficient,which made the canopy of high-density resistant varieties had a better light nitrogen matching degree.Meanwhile,the middle and upper canopy had higher ratio of light and nitrogen,photosynthetic productivity,and photosynthetic nitrogen ratio.This is an important physiologic

关 键 词：玉米 冠层 光氮匹配 氮效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]