准噶尔荒漠土壤多功能性的空间变异特征及其驱动因素  

Spatial pattern of soil multifunctionality and its correlation with environmental and vegetation factors in the Junggar Desert,China

作　　者：张世航 陶冶[1] 陈玉森 郭浩[1,2] 陆永兴 郭星 刘朝红 周晓兵 张元明[1] Shihang Zhang;Ye Tao;Yusen Chen;Hao Guo;Yongxing Lu;Xing Guo;Chaohong Liu;Xiaobing Zhou;Yuanming Zhang(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction,Urumqi 830011;Xinjiang Agricultural University College of resources and environment,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第8期136-146,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：新疆杰出青年科学基金(2021D01E03);国家自然科学基金(U2003214;41977099)。

摘　　要：荒漠是重要的陆地生态系统之一,其生态系统极其脆弱,极易发生荒漠化。荒漠土壤的稳定和功能对于荒漠生态系统结构和功能的维持至关重要。但在荒漠地区,大多数土壤功能的研究还主要集中在单一的土壤功能性。本研究基于准噶尔荒漠79个样点的土壤有机碳(SOC)、氮(N)、磷(P)、有效氮(AN)和有效磷(AP)等指标,通过平均值法和因子分析法计算土壤多功能(soil multifunctionality,SMF)指数,研究SMF空间变异特征及驱动因素。空间分析所示从整体来看,荒漠SMF在空间分布上具有较大的异质性,自西向东,SMF总体呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而从南向北,SMF呈现先增加后降低的趋势。最优拟合显示,SMF与年均降雨量(MAP)和年均温(MAT)呈显著二次函数关系,随着MAP和MAT的增加表现出先降低后升高的趋势;SMF与pH和植被增强指数(EVI)呈显著线性关系,SMF随着pH的增加表现出显著降低趋势,而随着EVI的增加表现为显著上升的趋势;SMF与Aridity(干旱度)之间既符合二次函数关系也呈现线性关系(二者R2相同),随Aridity增加而减少。结构方程模型结果表明,土壤含水率(SWC)是SMF变化的最重要的驱动因素,其次为EVI。土壤pH、SWC、MAT、Aridity和EVI对荒漠SMF具有显著的直接效应,其中SWC和EVI为显著正效应,其他为负效应。MAP、经度(Lon)、纬度(Lat)和海拔(Alt)可通过影响MAT等指标对SMF产生间接效应。研究结果对深入理解准噶尔荒漠SMF的空间变异特征及驱动因素具有重要意义,将有助于预测环境变化对荒漠生态系统多功能性的影响,为生态系统科学管理服务。Aims:This study was conducted to analyze the soil multifunctionality(SMF)pattern and their driving factors of the Junggar Desert.We tested that whether climate factors(temperature,precipitation and Aridity),soil environment(soil water content,soil temperature and pH)and vegetation factors would be the main driving factors of the spatial variability of SMF in the Junggar Desert.Methods:The data of the sampling were collected from 79 sample sites of the Junggar Desert.The SMF indices were calculated by mean method and factor analysis method.The spatial characteristics of SMF in the Junggar Desert were obtained by using Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS.Correlation analysis between single soil function and SMF was performed in R language software,and the best-fit model was used to fit the environmental factors and SMF of the 79 sample sites.The best-fit model was selected applied on the R2 and the AIC value of the model.Structural equation model(SEM)analysis was performed using the“Lavaan”package in R language.Direct and indirect effects of different variables on SMF were identified,and the driving factors of spatial variability of the SMF in the Junggar Desert were determined.Results:Overall,the SMF in the Junggar Desert showed large heterogeneity in spatial distribution,with an increasing trend of SMF from west to east,and trend of increasing first and then decreasing from south to north of the desert.The best-fit model showed that SMF had a significant quadratic function with MAP(mean annual precipitation)and MAT(mean annual temperature),and showed a decreasing first and then increasing trend of with the increase in MAP and MAT.The SMF had a significant primary function with pH and EVI(enhanced vegetation index).Specially,SMF had a trend of significant decreasing along with the increase in pH,and a significant increasing trend along with the increase in EVI.The SMF and Aridity(drought)showed both quadratic and linear(R2 was the same for both)relationship,with SMF decreasing with the increase in Aridity.T

关 键 词：准噶尔荒漠 土壤多功能性 驱动因子 空间变异 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]