一株具有植物促生作用的重金属铅吸附菌的筛选与鉴定  

Screening and identification of a heavy metal lead-adsorbing strain with plant growth-promoting activity

作　　者：章文波 杨琼[1] 廖森泰[1] 邢东旭[1] 肖阳[1] 周东来 李庆荣[1] ZHANG Wenbo;YANG Qiong;LIAO Sentai;XING Dongxu;XIAO Yang;ZHOU Donglai;LI Qingrong(Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510610,Guangdong,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广东广州510610 [2]华南农业大学,广东广州510640

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2022年第9期3617-3630,共14页Microbiology China

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2018B020206001);广西壮族自治区科技计划项目(桂科AB21196040);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202119TD);广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心(XTXM202204);佛山市财政专项资金-2021年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目。

摘　　要：【背景】随着工业化的发展,重金属污染逐渐成为主要的环境污染之一。微生物修复去除重金属污染成为近些年来新兴的修复方法,筛选开发具有良好修复功能的微生物菌株具有重要的现实意义。【目的】筛选具有促进植物生长作用的重金属修复菌株,为生物修复和植物促生等综合开发利用提供微生物资源。【方法】利用选择性培养基从淤泥中筛选重金属铅的抗性菌株,根据形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行分离鉴定,通过单因素分析不同培养条件对菌株生长的影响;采用原子吸收光谱法、比色法及平板对峙法等对菌株的重金属铅吸附率、无机磷溶解能力、吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)分泌及拮抗镰刀菌效果等进行分析。【结果】从污染严重的塘泥中筛选到一株对重金属铅有较好吸附率的菌株,在150 mg/L Pb^(2+)浓度下,对Pb^(2+)的吸附率达90%以上;初步鉴定该菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌,命名为SEM-15;菌株还具有较好的溶解无机磷、分泌IAA及拮抗镰刀菌的能力;菌株生长适应性强,可以在pH 10.0的强碱性环境下生长,该菌株具有很好的重金属铅污染修复及促生防病的应用潜力。【结论】菌株SEM-15是一株具有植物促生作用的重金属铅吸附菌株,在重金属污染土壤联合植物修复的应用中可能具有较好的开发价值。[Background]With the industrialization,heavy metals have been under the major environmental pollutant category.Microbial remediation has become a popular method for heavy metal removal in recent years.Thus,screening and developing related efficient microbial strains is of important practical significance.[Objective]To screen the strain with heavy metal-absorbing function and plant growth-promoting(PGP)activity,so as to provide microbial resources for both bioremediation and plant growth promotion.[Methods]The selective medium was used to screen the lead-tolerant strain from sludge.The strain was identified based on morphological observation,physiological and biochemical determination,and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Through single-factor experiment,the effects of different culture conditions on the growth of the strain were analyzed.Atomic absorption spectrometry,colorimetry,and plate confrontation assay were employed to analyze the lead-absorbing efficiency,inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing ability,secretion of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),and the ability of antagonizing Fusarium.[Results]A strain with high lead-adsorbing efficiency(over 90%for 150 mg/L Pb^(2+)),which was identified as Bacillus cereus and named SEM-15,was screened out.It can solubilize inorganic phosphorus,secrete IAA,and antagonize Fusarium.Moreover,it had strong adaptability,as it survived at pH 10.0.Therefore,the strain has great potential in removing lead,promoting plant growth,and preventing diseases.[Conclusion]SEM-15,with lead-adsorbing function and PGP activity,is of great value in remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and plant growth.

关 键 词：植物促生 重金属铅 菌株鉴定 微生物修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172