基于增材制造技术快速模具制造研究进展  

Research Progress of Rapid Tooling Based on Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：邹伟 黄锦涛 程春 王光宏 王伟平 刘屹东 闵永刚 吕建忠 ZOU Wei;HUANG Jintao;CHENG Chun;WANG Guanghong;WANG Weiping;LIU Yidong;MIN Yonggang;LYU Jianzhong(School of Mechatronic Engineering,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;School of Materials and Energy,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Dalian Hybridwise Technology Company Limited,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]广东工业大学材料与能源学院,广州510006 [3]大连海博瑞思科技有限公司,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第19期171-179,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委青年项目(52003111,U20A20340);江苏师范大学自然科学基金(18XLRS009,16XLR018);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB0408100);“珠江人才计划”引进创新创业团队(2016ZT06C412)。

摘　　要：增材制造又称3D打印,是一种基于离散堆积原理的数字化制造技术,具有高度灵活性和快速性等优势,近年来受到广泛关注。采用增材制造技术制造模具,可以降低生产成本、缩短制造周期,并能快速响应客户对模塑制品的个性化需求。基于增材制造的快速模具制造又称快速模具技术(Rapid tooling),根据增材制造件是否直接作为模具使用,快速模具分为间接快速模具和直接快速模具。根据模具材料的硬度,快速模具分为硬模和软模。间接快速模具由增材制造件间接制造软模(比如硅胶模具)发展成为间接制造硬模。由于间接制模存在工艺复杂、精度不高且软模存在寿命短等缺点,随着增材制造和材料技术的发展,直接快速硬模越来越受到重视。本文主要综述了基于增材制造快速模具技术的发展历程、工艺原理、典型速模具工艺,并对这些快速模具制造工艺进行对比分析。同时综述了基于增减材复合制造的快速模具制造的基本原理、典型工艺及其特点和快速模具所使用的新型材料。由于快速模具制造存在精度低、表面质量差、模具内部有缺陷且力学性能存在各向异性、模具尺寸受限和成本高等缺陷,未来快速模具制造技术将向高精度、高表面质量、高力学性能及低成本方向发展,并向基于增减材复合制造的快速模具制造发展,同时模具制造过程中的缺陷检测与控制将成为研究热点。Additive manufacturing,also known as 3D printing,is a digital manufacturing technology based on discrete stacking principle. Due to its high flexibility and rapidity, additive manufacturing has received widespread attention. It can reduce the production cost, shorten the manufacturing cycle,and quickly respond to the personalized needs of customers for molded products with additive manufacturing technology to manufacture mold or die.Rapid tooling based on additive manufacturing( AM) is also known as rapid tooling technology. According to whether the part based on additive manufacturing is directly used as a mold or die,rapid tooling is divided into indirect rapid tooling and direct rapid tooling. According to the hardness of the mold or die material,rapid tooling is divided into hard tooling and soft tooling. Indirect rapid tooling has developed from indirect soft tooling such as silicone tooling,to indirect hard tooling. Due to the complex process and low precision of indirect rapid tooling and short life of soft tooling,with the development of additive manufacturing and material,more and more attention has been paid to direct rapid tooling in recent years.This article mainly reviews the development history,process principle and typical process of rapid tooling based on additive manufacturing,and compares and analyzes these processes of rapid tooling. Meanwhile,it summarizes the basic principles,typical processes and characteristics of rapid tooling based on additive-subtractive hybrid manufacturing,and new materials used in rapid tooling. For rapid tooling,there are many drawbacks such as low precision,poor surface quality,internal defects of the mold or die,anisotropy of mechanical properties,limited size of mold or die and high cost. Therefore,rapid tooling will trend to high precision,high surface quality,high mechanical properties and low cost. The additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing will be applied more than additive manufacturing. At the same time,the defect detection and control in the rapid to

关 键 词：增材制造 快速模具 增减材复合制造 模具 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]