近期美国国会涉华经贸立法及其影响(2019-2021)  

Recent China-related Economic and Trade Legislation of U.S.Congress and Its Influence(2019-2021)

作　　者：郭永虎[1] 安鑫玉 GUO Yong-hu;AN Xin-yu(School of Marxism,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期113-119,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA169);国家社会科学基金一般项目(12BZS088)。

摘　　要：近三年来,在中美贸易摩擦和抗击新冠疫情背景之下,美国国会涉华经贸立法活动异常频繁,其立法诉求主要包括:打压中国高科技企业,限制中兴、华为等通信企业在美发展;无端指责中国应对新冠疫情不力,进而对中国提出无理索赔要求,限制中国医疗器械进入美国;限制美国高新技术及产品对华出口及转让;在涉华经贸法案中捆绑涉疆、涉港等附加条款;等等。美国涉华经贸立法对中美经贸健康发展产生了严重的消极作用:阻碍了美国高新技术进入中国市场;破坏了中国企业在美投资发展环境;加剧了中美贸易结构性不平衡状态。部分相关涉华法案还直接插手中国内政,严重损害中国核心利益。应从多方面化解美国国会涉华立法的消极影响:提前做好涉华疫情“赔偿”和制裁风险评估和应对工作;培养核心技术自主创新能力,应对“卡脖子”式制裁;筑牢维护我国金融安全框架体系;建议中国立法机关启动反制性立法。In the past three years,under the background of Sino-US trade frictions and the fight against the COVID-19,the China-related economic and trade legislation activities of U.S.Congress are unusually frequent and the U.S.congress legislative demands mainly include:suppressing China’s high-tech enterprises and limiting the development of telecommunication enterprises such as ZTE and Huawei in the United States;unprovokedly accusing China of failing to respond to the COVID-19,then putting forward unreasonable claims against China,and limiting the entry of Chinese medical equipment into the United States;restricting the export and transfer of US high-tech and products to China;binding additional provisions related to Xinjiang and Hong Kong in the China-related economic and trade bill,etc.China-related economic and trade legislation of the United States has a serious negative effect on the healthy development of Sino-US economic and trade,hindering the US high-tech to enter the Chinese market,damaging the investment and development environment of Chinese enterprises in America;intensifying the structural imbalance of Sino-US trade.Some relevant China-related acts also directly intervene in Chinese internal affairs,seriously damaging Chinese core interests.The negative impact of China-related legislation of the U.S.Congress should be resolved in many ways:doing the work of the risk assessment and response to the China-related epidemic“compensation”and sanction in advance;cultivating the independent innovation capability of core technology and solving the threatening sanctions;maintaining Chinese financial security framework;suggesting that Chinese legislation institution initiate the counter-legislation.

关 键 词：美国国会 经贸立法 涉华法案 中国 中美关系 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]