华北平原春玉米多熟种植模式对土壤真菌群落的影响  

Effects of multiple cropping systems based on spring maize on soil fungal communities in the North China Plain

作　　者：陈兴琼 李金娜 国一凡 陈琳 徐洁 隋鹏[1] 刘瑾 高旺盛[1] 陈源泉[1] CHEN Xingqiong;LI Jinna;GUO Yifan;CHEN Lin;XU Jie;SUI Peng;LIU Jin;GAO Wangsheng;CHEN Yuanquan(College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第10期1588-1600,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300210)资助。

摘　　要：为探究华北平原春玉米多熟种植模式对土壤质量的影响,基于田间定位试验,利用DNA Illumina高通量测序方法从土壤微生物的角度对6种种植模式0~20 cm耕层土壤真菌群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明:1)与春玉米单作(MM,对照)相比,5种多熟种植模式[黑麦-春玉米(MR)、冬小麦-夏玉米(MW)、菠菜-春玉米(MSp)轮作模式及马铃薯/春玉米(MPo)、豌豆/春玉米(MP)套作模式]均能够显著提高土壤真菌群落多样性(P<0.05),Shannon指数分别较MM提高12.18%、12.17%、10.37%、11.69%及8.44%,各模式间土壤真菌丰富度无显著性差异。2)各种植模式中,土壤子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、隐菌门(Rozellomycota)是优势种群,其中子囊菌门相对丰度达80%以上。3)多熟种植模式有利于增加有益真菌,MR、MW及MSp中被孢霉属(Mortierella)及绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)等潜在有益菌相对富集,MSp中绿僵菌属尤为丰富;而有作物致病风险的拟棘壳孢属(Pyrenochaetopsis)在各种植模式中相对丰度表现为:MM>MW>MP>MR>MSp>MPo。4)FUNGuild功能预测结果表明,种植模式改变了土壤真菌营养型的占比:MM处理主要为腐生型(26.09%)、病理型(22.48%)及病理-腐生-共生过渡型(26.39%),MW处理主要为腐生型(29.99%),其他多熟模式中腐生型(21.11%~27.88%)及病理型(23.74%~30.40%)均占较大比例。5)相关分析表明,土壤田间持水量、有机质含量及容重是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。综上,与春玉米单作相比,春玉米轮、套作其他作物能够显著提高土壤真菌群落的多样性。其中黑麦-春玉米、菠菜-春玉米及冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式在提高土壤真菌多样性,富集有益微生物群落均有良好表现。此外,春玉米-黑麦、菠菜-春玉米轮作模式在一定程度上能降低潜在致病菌丰度。因此,从土壤微生物角度,综合节水与保地的�To explore the impact of multiple spring maize cropping systems on soil quality in the North China Plain,we used DNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing to study fungal community diversity in the 0–20 cm topsoil layer of six cropping systems based on field experiments.The results showed that:1)Compared with spring maize monocropping(MM,control),the multiple cropping systems[double-cropping systems of winter wheat-summer maize(MW),spinach-spring maize(MSp),rye-spring maize(MR),and relay intercropping systems of pea/spring maize(MP),and potato/spring maize(MPo)]increased the diversity of soil fungal communities(P<0.05),and the Shannon index by 12.18%,12.17%,10.37%,11.69%,and 8.44%,respectively,compared with MM.However,there was no significant difference among all cropping systems for the soil fungal richness index.2)The dominant phyla in these cropping systems were Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota,Basidiomycota,Chytridiomycota,and Rozellomycota;in particular,the relative abundance of Ascomycota was more than 80%.3)Multiple cropping systems increased the number of beneficial fungi.The potentially beneficial communities at the genus level,such as Mortierella and Metarhizium,were relatively enriched in MR,MW,and MSp;and Metarhizium was particularly abundant in MSp.Pyrenochaetopsis was often considered to increase the disease risk in crops,and the order of relative abundance in the six cropping systems was as follows:MM>MW>MP>MR>MSp>MPo.4)The FUNGuild function prediction results showed that the cropping systems changed the proportion of soil fungal nutrition types.The sprotroph(26.09%),pathotroph(22.48%),and pathotroph-sprotroph-symbiotroph(26.39%)were the main types in the MM;the sprotroph(29.99%)was the main type in the MW;and the sprotroph(21.11%−27.88%)and pathotrophs(23.74%−30.40%)accounted for a larger proportion in the remaining multiple cropping systems.5)Correlation analysis showed that soil field water-holding capacity,soil organic matter,and bulk density were the main environmental factors affecting soil f

关 键 词：土壤质量 粮食安全 种植制度 春玉米 真菌群落 DNA高通量测序 真菌功能类型 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]