吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂在山丘型血吸虫病流行区的灭螺效果  

Molluscicidal effect of 25%wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions

作　　者：朱泽林 罗秉荣 刘榆华 郝瑜琬 田添[1] 王强[1] 段李平[1] 李石柱[1] ZHU Ze-lin;LUO Bing-rong;LIU Yu-hua;HAO Yu-wan;TIAN Tian;WANG Qiang;DUAN Li-ping;LI Shi-zhu(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases,Minis-try of Science and Technology,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,Shanghai 200025,China;Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Schistosomiasis Control,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所、国家热带病研究中心、WHO热带病合作中心、科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心、国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025 [2]云南省大理白族自治州血吸虫病防治研究所

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2022年第4期404-406,共3页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：上海市第五轮三年公共卫生行动计划(GWV-10.1-XK13);江西省重点研发计划(20203BBGL73168)。

摘　　要：目的评价25%吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂(WPPS)在山丘型血吸虫病流行区灭螺效果及其对鱼类的毒性。方法2020年10月选取云南省南涧县一处有螺环境进行除障并划分为若干单元,计算钉螺自然死亡率。将25%WPPS配置成浓度为1、2 g/L的药液,将25%杀螺胺乙醇铵盐(WPNES)溶于水配置成浓度为2 g/L的药液,将不同浓度的药物均匀喷洒,以等量清水作为空白对照。在施药后1、3、7 d,通过系统抽样法进行钉螺调查,观察钉螺死活。在南涧县选择一处鱼塘,将2 kg 25%WPPS(药物有效浓度20 g/L)均匀投撒于液面使其自然分散溶解,于投撒后8、24、48、72 h观察鱼类死亡情况。结果施药1 d后,1、2 g/L WPPS组钉螺校正死亡率均为97.99%,高于2 g/L WPNES组的94.11%(χ^(2)=3.509、3.509,P均>0.05)。施药3 d后,1、2 g/L WPPS组和2 g/L WPNES组钉螺校正死亡率均为100%。施药7 d后,1 g/L WPPS处理组钉螺校正死亡率为91.75%,2 g/L WPPS处理组钉螺校正死亡率为86.57%,均显著高于2 g/L WPNES处理组的57.76%(χ^(2)=14.893、42.284,P均<0.05)。鱼毒试验结果显示,2 kg 25%WPPS施药72 h后鱼类累计死亡率为0.67%。结论25%WPPS可有效杀灭钉螺且对鱼类生物安全性较高,可应用于山丘型血吸虫病流行区灭螺。Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 25%wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate(WPPS)against Oncomelania snails in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions and test its toxicity to fish.Methods In October 2020,asnail-infested setting which had been cleared was selected in Nanjian County,Yunnan Province and divided into several blocks,and the natural snail mortality was estimated.25%WPPS was prepared into solutions at concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L,and 25%wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(WPNES)was prepared into solutions at a concentration of 2 g/L.The differentconcentrations of drugs were sprayed evenly,and the same amount of water was used as blank control.Snails were surveyed usingthe systematic sampling method 1,3 and 7 days post-treatment,and snail survival was observed.A fish pond was selected in Nan-jian County,and 2 kg 25%WPPS was evenly sprayed on the water surface to allow the effective concentration of 20 g/L.Fish mor-tality was estimated 8,24,48 and 72 h post-treatment.ResultsOne-day treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNESresulted in 97.99%,97.99%and 94.11%adjusted snail mortality rates(χ^(2)=3.509 and 3.509,both P values>0.05),and the ad-justed snail mortality was all 100%3 d post-treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES,while 7-day treatment with 1and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES resulted in 91.75%,86.57%and 57.76%adjusted snail mortality rates(χ^(2)=14.893 and 42.284,both P values<0.05).Treatment with 2 g/L WPPS for 72 h resulted in a 0.67%cumulative mortality rate of fish.Conclusion 25%WPPS is effective for snail control and highly safe for fish,which is feasible for use in hilly schistosomiasis-en-demic regions.

关 键 词：钉螺 吡螺脲 灭螺效果 鱼毒性 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]