育苗基质添加复配微生物菌剂对番茄生长及根腐病发生的影响  

Effects of Compound Microbial Agent Added to Seedling Substrate on Tomato Growth and Root Rot Occurrence

作　　者：郭成瑾 陈杭[2] 王喜刚 郭荣君[3] 沈瑞清 李世东[3] GUO Chengjin;CHEN Hang;WANG Xigang;GUO Rongjun;SHEN Ruiqing;LI Shidong(Institute of Plant Protction,Ningxin Aeademy of Agrieulure and Forestry Sciences/Ningxia Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agror products,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxin 750002;Institute of Plant Proteetion,Chinese Academy of Agriculural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第16期52-57,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大(重点)资助项目(2019BFF02006);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2020AAC03316);宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才培养工程资助项目(宁人社函[2017]787号)。

摘　　要：以“博远2号”番茄为试材,采用育苗基质添加粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌剂和枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂单独或联合使用的方法,研究了不同处理对设施番茄生长、产量、品质及其根腐病防治效果的影响,以期为制定宁夏设施番茄土传病害生物防治技术提供参考依据。结果表明:育苗基质中添加粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌剂和枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂单独或联合使用均能促进番茄种苗生长,降低根腐病发病率,联合使用处理效果最好。联合使用处理番茄幼苗出苗率和株高分别为97.22%和6.67 cm,均明显高于对照;移栽前联合使用处理的番茄株高、根长、鲜质量和干质量分别较对照提高了7.02%、21.53%、9.23%和33.33%;联合使用处理的番茄根际土壤中真菌和芽孢杆菌数量分别是对照的10倍和100倍;定植后联合使用处理的番茄株高和茎粗较对照显著提高了8.96%和28.20%,根腐病较对照显著降低了51.40%;联合使用处理的番茄单果质量、单株产量和667 m^(2)产量分别较对照显著提高了6.81%、13.97%和15.46%,番茄可溶性糖含量和糖酸比分别较对照显著提高了17.08%和46.38%。综上所述,1 kg基质中添加0.1 g粉红螺旋聚孢霉菌剂和2 g枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂对番茄具有较好的防病促生作用。Taking tomato cultivar ‘Boyuan No.2’ as test material, seedling substrate add Clonostachys rosea and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combination method were used to study the effects of different treatments to tomato growth, yield, quality and root rot, in order to provide reference for Ningxia greenhouse tomato soil-borne disease biological control technology.The results showed that addition of Clonostachys rosea and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combination in seedling substrate could promote the growth of tomato seedlings and reduced the incidence of root rot, and the combined treatment was the best.The emergence rate and shoot height of tomato treated with the combined treatment were 97.22% and 6.67 cm, respectively, significantly higher than CK.The shoot height, root length, fresh biomass and dry biomass of tomato treated with the combined treatment were increased by 7.02%,21.53%,9.23% and 33.33%,respectively, before transplanting.The numbers of rhizosphere soil fungi and Bacillus sp.in the combined treatment were 10 times and 100 times higher than CK,respectively.After transplanting, the shoot height and stem diameter of tomato treated with the combined treatment significantly increased by 8.96% and 28.20% respectively compared with CK,while the root rot of tomato treated with the combined treatment was significantly reduced by 51.40% compared with CK.The weight of single fruit, yield per plant and yield per 667 m^(2) of tomato treated with the combined treatment were 6.81%,13.97% and 15.46% significantly higher than CK,respectively.The soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of tomato treated with the combined treatment were significantly increased by 17.08% and 46.38% respectively compared with CK.In conclusion, the addition of 0.1 g of Clonostachys rosea agent and 2 g of Bacillus subtilis agent per kilogram of seedling substrate had better disease control and tomato growth promotion effect.

关 键 词：粉红螺旋聚孢霉 枯草芽孢杆菌 育苗基质 协同增效 番茄根腐病 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]