《民法典》视阈下海南农垦农用地流转路径之嬗变:从国有农用地使用权到土地经营权  

On the Evolutionary Approach to Agricultural Land Transfer in Hainan Nongken from the Perspective of Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：费安玲 覃榆翔 FEI An-ling;QIN Yu-xiang(College of Comparative Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Bejing 100088,China;Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Bejing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第5期117-131,共15页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

摘　　要：现有政策将国有农用地使用权作为海南农垦农用地流转的路径,但拘囿于国有农用地的国有属性、土地的用途管制,以及农垦职工土地承包经营权的梗阻,国有农用地使用权实难委以流转土地之重任。端视土地经营权的制度价值与规范设计,并结合农垦农用地流转的政策目的和现有的权利结构来观察,在农垦农用地的权利体系中析出土地经营权,具有法政策上的价值基础和法技术上的规范支撑。故而,不妨委诸于土地经营权作为路径依归,以实现农垦农用地之流转,同时须因应农垦农用地的特性,适配现行法关于土地经营权的规定作为制度供给。循此路径,土地经营权在不同构造的流转形式中,将分别呈现出债权效力或是物权效力,进而使得农垦农用地发挥不同的流转价值。经此路径更化,方能消弭国有农用地使用权流转所带来的系列问题,推进法律制度与法律实践之间的良性互动。According to the current policy, the use right of state-owned agricultural land is taken as the approach to the transfer of agricultural land in Hainan Nongken. However, it is difficult for the use right of stateowed agricultural land to realize the transfer of land when it comes to the confinement of state ownership of rural land, the land-use restriction, and the block against the farmers’ rights of contract and management of rural land. In terms of system value and normative design in the right of land management, the policy purpose and current structure of rights can be considered in the transfer of agricultural land in Hainan Nongken, and the right of land management can be separated from the system of rights for agricultural land in Hainan Nongken, with the value basis of legal policy and the normative support of legal technique. In this regard, it is suggested that the right of land management should be taken as the approach to realizing the transfer of agricultural land in Nongken, adapt to the characteristics of such land, and match the current legal rules on the right of land management as the system supply. Furthermore, the right of land management, in the transfer forms of distinct structures, will exhibit either the effect of obligation or the effect of real right, enabling the agricultural land in Nongken to exert different values for the transfer. With this optimized approach, a series of problems resulting from the transfer of use right of agricultural land can be eliminated so as to promote the benign interaction between the legal system and the legal practice.

关 键 词：海南农垦 国有农用地流转 国有农用地使用权 土地经营权 效力形态 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学]