广东油棕居群地土壤特性对油棕生长和产量的影响  

Influences of Soil Properties on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Oil Palm Introduced in Different Regions in Guangdong

作　　者：陈伟文 曾宪海[2] 李炜芳[2] 潘登浪[2] 林位夫[2] Chen Weiwen;Zeng Xianhai;Li Weifang;Pan Denglang;Lin Weifu(Forest Seed and Seedling General Station of Hainan Province,Haikou,570203;Danzhou Germplasm Repository of Oil Palm of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,571101)

机构地区：[1]海南省林木种子(苗)总站,海口570203 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,农业农村部儋州油棕种质资源圃,海口571101

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第17期5884-5893,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业品种改良提升专项(PZGL2021);热带作物物种资源保护项目(RZWZBH2021)共同资助。

摘　　要：为比较广东不同地区油棕居群地土壤特性,分析其对油棕生长和产量的影响。对位于广东深圳、东莞、茂名、化州、湛江和雷州等6个地区油棕居群的叶片生长量(FP)、果穗数量(NB)、单果穗重(ABW)、果穗产量(FFB)、果穗比(F/B)、花性比(SR)、雌花败育率(RAFM)和果穗败育率(ABR)等8个生长和产量性状(2010-2015年)以及0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、有机质(OM)含量以及pH值和含砂量(SC)等7个土壤特性参数(2012-2015年)进行了观测,比较了土壤参数观测结果在不同地区间、不同年度间和不同土层间的差异,分析了土壤参数与油棕生长和产量性状的相关性。结果表明:(1)广东6个地区油棕居群所在地的土壤呈酸性且养分含量水平普遍较低;(2)不同地区的土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N、AP、AK、pH和SC均存在显著差异,不同年份的土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N、AK以及pH也变化显著,不同土层的土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N、AK、OM和SC分布差异显著,以0~20cm土层的较高,而SC则以20~40 cm土层的较高;(3)土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N与pH存在显著负相关;土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N和SC分别与油棕FP和RAFW存在显著负相关且均具有负的决定影响。此外,土壤SC对油棕F/B、FFB,土壤AK对油棕ABW以及土壤pH对油棕SR均具有正的决定影响,土壤OM对油棕NB和ABR分别具有负的和正的决定影响。本研究可为解析油棕产量形成机理和指导油棕高产栽培提供一定参考。The soil properties at the sites of oil palm populations in different regions of Guangdong were compared and their effects on the vegetative growth and yield traits were analyzed.Eight vegetative growth and yield traits of oil palm populations in Shenzhen,Dongguan,Maoming,Huazhou,Zhanjiang and Leizhou populations,i.e.frond production(FP),fresh fruit bunch number(NB),average bunch weight(ABW),fresh fruit bunch weight(FFB),percent of normal fruit weight to average bunch weight(F/B),sex-ratio of female inflorescence and fruit bunch to female inflorescence,male inflorescence and fruit bunch(SR),abortion ratio of female inflorescence to female inflorescence and fruit bunch(RAFM)and ratio of aborted fruit bunch to fruit bunch(ABR)were conducted each year from 2010 to 2015,and seven soil property parameters in the populations mentioned above,i.e.nitrate nitrogen content(NO-N),ammonium nitrogen content(NH-N),available phosphorus content(AP),available kalium content(AK),organic matter content(OM),pH value(pH)and sand content(SC)of two soil layers with 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depth in palm sites were observed for four consecutive years between 2012 and 2015.The variations of soil properties between different regions,years and soil layers in palm sites were compared,and the phenotypic correlations analysis and path coefficient analysis from stepwise regression analysis among soil properties,vegetative growth and yield traits were analyzed.The results suggested:(1)The soil of six oil palm po pulations(regions)in Guangdong was acidic soil and nutrient content levels were relatively low.(2)There were significant regional differences in NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,AP,AK,pH and SC,and annual differences in NH-N,AK and pH.In addition,the variationsin NO_(3)^(-)-N,AK,OM and SC between different soil layers were significant,mainly indi cated the contents in 0~20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than that in 20~40 cm soil layer(the SC was the opposite).(3)There was an extremely significant negative correlation between NH_(4)^(+)-N

关 键 词：油棕 土壤特性 生长和产量性状 施肥管理 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]