氮肥形态与用量对槟榔幼苗形态和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Form and Dosage on The Morphology and Physiological Characteristics of Betel Nut Seedlings

作　　者：袁赫奕 陈明婉 戚金存 李晨 李昌珍 杨福孙[1] Yuan Heyi;Chen Mingwan;Qi Jincun;Li Chen;Li Changzhen;Yang Fusun(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,570228)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第16期5553-5563,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(319QN164);海南大学科研启动基金项目(KYQD[ZR]1848)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究以两叶一针‘热研1号’槟榔幼苗为试验材料,通过应用三种氮肥形态(硝态氮,酰胺态氮,铵态氮)与三种氮肥用量(50%当地氮肥用量,100%当地氮肥用量,150%当地氮肥用量)处理,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),测定槟榔幼苗的形态、光合、叶绿素含量、生物量和含氮量等指标,探究氮肥形态与用量对槟榔幼苗形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明:不同氮肥形态与用量对槟榔幼苗形态和生理均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中株高增长量在50%硝态氮下达到最大值;茎粗增长量、细胞间CO_(2)浓度、叶绿素a含量均在150%酰胺态氮肥下效果最佳;150%铵态氮肥处理下有利于槟榔幼苗干物质量的积累,根系干重、根冠比和干物质量达到最大;净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度在50%酰胺态氮肥处理下显著提升;植株茎秆全氮含量随氮肥用量增加而增加。从植株氮素总积累量来看,槟榔幼苗更偏好积累铵态氮肥。综上所述,酰胺态氮处理下50%用量槟榔幼苗的光合作用最强;增施铵态氮肥,利于根系的养分积累,促进植株地上和地下部的生长,从而适应热带的生存环境。研究结果为热带地区槟榔幼苗培育选择合理氮肥形态与用量提供了参考。In this study,two-leaf and one needle‘Reyan No.1’areca nut seedlings were used as the test material.The morphological,photosynthetic,chlorophyll content,biomass and nitrogen content of areca nut seedlings were measured by applying three nitrogen forms(Nitrate N,Amide N,Ammonium N)and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients(50% the amount of local nitrogen fertilizer,100% the amount of local nitrogen fertilizer,150% the amount of local nitrogen fertilizer),without nitrogen fertilizer(CK)as the control.To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer form and amount on the morphological and physiological characteristics of areca nut seedlings.The results showed that the different form and dosage of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the morphology and physiology of betel nut seedling(P<0.05).The growth amount of the plant height reached the maximum value at 50% nitrate N.The total stem thickness growth,cell to cell CO_(2)concentration and chlorophyll a content all had the best effect under 150% amide nitrogen fertilizer.The accumulation of dried quality in betel nut seedlings was facilitated by 150% ammonium nitrogen fertilizer,and root dry weight,root crown ratio and dry material mass reached the maximum.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly improved under 50% amide nitrogen fertilizer treatment.The total nitrogen content of plant stalks increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used.In terms of the total plant nitrogen accumulation,betel nut seedlings prefer to accumulate ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.In conclusion,the betel nut seedlings have the strongest photosynthesis under 50% amide nitrogen fertilizer treatment;increasing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is conducive to the nutrient accumulation of the root system,and promote the growth of the ground and lower parts of the plant,so as to adapt to the tropical living environment.The result of this study provide reference for the cultivation of reasonable nitrogen fertilizer in tropical areas.

关 键 词：槟榔幼苗 氮肥形态与用量 叶绿素含量 光合特性 氮积累量 

分 类 号：S792.91[农业科学—林木遗传育种]