施肥对闽楠根系形态及苗木质量的调控作用  

Effects of fertilization on root morphology and seedling quality of Phoebe bournei

作　　者：王妍[1,2] 冯金玲[1] 吴小慧 黄蓝明 吴娟 陈宇[1] 赵城昊 杨志坚[1] WANG Yan;FENG Jinling;WU Xiaohui;HUANG Lanming;WU Juan;CHEN Yu;ZHAO Chenghao;YANG Zhijian(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Chinese Society of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]中国林学会,北京100091

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第10期44-56,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省林木种苗科技攻关项目“闽楠气培扦插及组培新技术研究”(KLh16H04A);福建省林业科技项目“基于水土保持的锥栗林生态栽培技术研究”(K1520033A);福建省水土保持试验站项目“长汀县红壤侵蚀区人工群落演变特征及改造提升技术研究”(KH180280A)。

摘　　要：【目的】对不同氮磷钾施肥条件下闽楠幼苗根系形态和苗木质量进行研究,为闽楠壮苗培育提供科学依据。【方法】以1年生闽楠盆栽实生苗为材料,采用“3414”施肥试验方法,设氮、磷、钾3个因素,每个因素设不施肥和低、中、高施肥4个水平,其中中水平为常用施肥量(当地N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O的常用施肥量分别为0.532,0.133和0.356 g/株),低水平为中水平的0.5倍,高水平为中水平的1.5倍,共计14个处理。采用田间随机区组试验和常规田间管理,分析不同施肥处理对闽楠幼苗根系形态指标(总根表面积、总根体积、根平均直径、根尖数、根系总根长、小细根长、粗细根长、粗根长、比表面积、组织密度和比根长)的影响;通过相关分析,揭示各根系形态指标与植株形态(苗高、地径和苗木质量指数)、植株营养元素(N、P、K和C)积累量、叶片生理生化指标(叶绿素总量、净光合速率(P_(n))、水分利用效率(W)、淀粉含量、酸性磷酸酶和硝酸还原酶活性)的相互关系;通过极差分析,筛选最佳氮磷钾施肥方式;通过逐步回归分析和通径分析,构建苗木质量的施肥调控途径,筛选影响苗木质量的关键指标。【结果】施肥可以显著提高闽楠幼苗的总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数、小细根长和根总长度,其中以中水平NPK配施(N 0.532 g/株,P_(2)O_(5)0.133 g/株,K_(2)O 0.356 g/株)时的根系养分吸收量最大,低水平P肥与中低水平NK肥配施(N 0.532 g/株,P_(2)O_(5)0.067 g/株,K_(2)O 0.178 g/株)时的养分输运能力最强,低水平N肥与中水平的PK肥配施(N 0.266 g/株,P_(2)O_(5)0.133 g/株,K_(2)O 0.356 g/株)时的养分利用效率最高。粗细根长随P肥施用量增加相应增加,比表面积随P肥施用量增加先降后升,组织密度随N和K肥施用量增加先降后升,而施磷肥对其无显著作用;其余指标大部分均随N、P和K肥施用量增加先增后降。在施肥方式中,氮�【Objective】This study investigated root morphology and seedling quality of Phoebe bournei seedlings under different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilization treatments to provide basis for the cultivation of strong seedlings.【Method】In this experiment,1-year-old potted seedlings of P.bournei were selected in the“3414”fertilization experiments,which included a total of 14 experimental treatments with three factors of N,P and K and four levels for each factor(zero,low,medium and high fertilization level).The medium level was the usual amount of fertilization,with N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O rates of 0.532,0.133 and 0.356 g/plant,respectively.The low level was 0.5 times of the medium level and the high level was 1.5 times.The random block field experiment and conventional field managements were adopted.The effects of different fertilization treatments on root morphological indexes(total root surface area,root volume,mean root diameter,root tip number,total length of root,small fine root length,thick fine root length,coarse root length,specific root surface area,root tissue density and specific root length)of P.bournei seedlings were analyzed.The correlation analysis method was used to reveal the relationship between each root morphological index and plant morphology(seedling quality index,height and ground diameter),plant element(N,P,K and C)accumulation,and leaf physiology and biochemistry(chlorophyll content,P_(n),W,starch content,acid phosphatase activity and nitrate reductase activity).The range analysis method was used to screen the best NPK fertilization mode.The stepwise regression analysis and path analysis methods were applied to determine key indexes and to construct a fertilization mode to regulating seedling quality.【Result】Fertilization significantly increased total root surface area,root volume,root tip number,total length of root and small fine root length of P.bournei seedlings,with the largest nutrient absorption under medium level of N,P and K application(N:0.532 g/plant,P

关 键 词：闽楠 施肥方案 氮磷钾肥 根系形态 苗木质量 植株元素积累量 

分 类 号：S792.24[农业科学—林木遗传育种]