社会支持还是社会比较——社会网络影响农民工精神健康的机制研究  

Social Support or Social Comparison:Mechanisms Linking Social Networks and Mental Health among Rural Migrant Workers in China

作　　者：悦中山[1] 王红艳[1] YUE Zhong-shan;WANG Hong-yan

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会学评论》2022年第5期126-143,共18页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72174165);国家社会科学基金项目(13CRK015)。

摘　　要：社会支持和社会比较均是社会网络影响精神健康的重要机制。农民工社会网络具有跨城乡和跨群体特征,据此可将其划分为跨地关系、本地非市民关系和本地市民关系。本文利用2016年广州市农民工调查数据比较了这三类社会关系通过社会支持和社会比较机制影响农民工心理健康的异同。结果表明,跨地关系通过社会比较和社会支持的双重机制影响农民工精神健康。本地非市民关系仅通过社会支持影响农民工精神健康,社会比较机制的作用不显著。与预期相反,研究发现本地市民关系通过社会比较机制促进了农民工的精神健康。这可能是由于:(1)网络中市民的社会经济地位偏低使农民工在社会比较中获得了优越感;(2)农民工对市民存在认知偏差。本文有助于理解社会网络影响精神健康的机制,对农民工精神健康促进工作有一定的启示。Both social support and social comparison are important mechanisms through which social networks influence mental health.Social networks of rural migrant workers are trans-local and across different groups and thus can be divided into trans-local ties in hometown,local non-resident ties,and migrant-resident ties.Using data from a survey of migrant workers in Guangzhou in 2016,this paper compares how the above three social ties influence mental health through social support and social comparison mechanisms.The results reveal that trans-local ties play an essential role in migrants’mental health via both mechanisms of social support and social comparison.Local non-resident ties provide social support to improve mental health but have no effect on migrants’mental health through social comparison.Counterintuitively,migrant-resident ties can improve migrants’mental health via social comparison.It might be due to the sense of superiority in comparison to residents’social status and the cognitive bias migrants have towards residents.This paper deepens the understanding of mechanisms through which social networks influence rural migrant workers’mental health and carries important policy implications for promoting rural migrant workers’mental health.

关 键 词：农民工 精神健康 社会网络 社会支持 社会比较 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] C912.6[社会学]