基于相似理论的尾矿库溃坝模型试验研究  

Study on Dam Break Model Test of Tailings Pond Based on Similarity Theory

作　　者：孙少华[1] SUN Shaohua(CINF Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410019,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南长沙410019

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2022年第9期129-132,共4页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：为了定量掌握尾矿库坝体的溃决过程及其对下游的影响,采用相似理论建立尾矿坝物理模型,对某高程尾矿库溃坝进行了详细过程记录和研究,分析溃坝过程中坝址流量、水位过程线以及尾砂向下游演进规律。试验结果表明:尾矿坝在40 min左右发生漫顶、垮塌泄流现象,同时坝址出现洪峰,其最大流量达4040 m^(3)/s,洪峰沿程传播衰减,其下游断面洪峰逐步平坦且形态呈锯齿状;堆积坝最大溃口宽度约110 m,深度约50 m;溃口下游断面水流宽度有所缩窄,随着水流的逐步下移,溃口宽度先增大后逐步减缓趋于平衡。研究表明,尾矿堆积坝顶在溃坝时为尾砂下泄的重点破坏区域,特征断面越靠近堆积坝,冲刷深度越大,离堆积坝越远冲刷深度越小,且冲刷宽度越来越窄,泥沙淤积现象越明显。In order to quantitatively grasp the process of dam break of tailings pond and its impact on the downstream, a physical model of tailings dam was established by using similarity theory, and the detailed process were recorded and researched for the dam break of tailings pond at a certain elevation. The dam site flow, water level hydrograph and the evolution law of tailings to the downstream during the dam break process were analyzed. The test results are concluded as follows. There are overflow and collapse of the tailings dam at about 90 min, and the flood peak occurs at the dam site, with the maximum flow of 4040 m^(3)/s. The flood peak propagates and attenuates along the flow direction, and gradually becomes flat and jagged at the downstream section. The maximum break width of the accumulation dam is about 110 m and the depth is about 50 m. The flow width at downstream section of the break is narrowed. With the gradual downward movement of the flow, the break width increases first and then gradually slows down to balance. Research shows that the top of tailings accumulation dam is the key damage area of tailings discharge in the dam breaks. The closer the characteristic section is to the accumulation dam, the greater the scour depth is. While the farther the characteristic section is away from the accumulation dam, the smaller the scour depth is, the narrower the scour width is, and the more obvious the sediment deposition phenomenon is.

关 键 词：尾矿坝 溃坝 溃口宽度 冲刷深度 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿]