不同降雨工况下尾矿库溃坝模型试验及潜在经济损失评估研究  

Study on Model Test and Potential Economic Loss Assessment of Tailings Dam Break Under Different Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：黄宜超 聂闻 芦松 耿加波 周涛 HUANG Yichao;NIE Wen;LU Song;GENG Jiabo;ZHOU Tao(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Manshan,Anhui 243000,China;Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing,Haixi Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Quanzhou,Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州市341000 [2]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山市243000 [3]中国科学院海西研究院泉州装备制造研究中心,福建泉州市362000

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2022年第9期204-212,共9页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874268);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20212ACB214005)。

摘　　要：采用尾矿库降雨溃坝试验装置,以赣南某尾矿库为原型,对不同降雨工况下(50,70,90,110 mm/h)尾矿库溃坝过程、溃口发展、淹没范围和转运距离、下泄尾砂沉积规律和溃坝影响范围潜在经济损失评估进行尾矿库溃坝模型试验。结果表明:随着降雨强度增加,相同时间阶段坝体的破坏越严重,但对坝体破坏规律的影响并不显著;4组试验中坝体溃口总体呈“喇叭”状发展变化,最终溃口的宽度、深度随降雨强度的增加不断增大,在不同阶段表现出不同特点;溃坝后尾砂流淹没范围随单位时间变化大致分为3阶段,淹没范围、转运距离随不同降雨工况而改变;溃坝尾砂粒径在模型下游的沉积表现出随转运距离的增加而递减,在距模型坝址120 cm处粒径出现较大变化,破坏过程中坝体细颗粒流失对坝体稳定性产生不利影响;通过损失风险评估得出若发生最大降雨工况的溃坝,事故后果严重性等级为“极重度”,该地区经济损失风险β值为1.21%,事故严重影响该地区社会经济。研究成果为尾矿库在降雨情况下的灾害防控提供参考。By using the rainfall dam break test device of tailings reservoir and taking a tailings reservoir in southern Jiangxi as the prototype,the dam-break model test of tailings reservoir was carried out under different rainfall conditions(50,70,90,110 mm/h).In this test,the dam break process,breach development,submerged range and transport distance,the deposition law of discharged tailings and the potential economic loss assessment were studied.The results show that with the increase of rainfall intensity,the damage of the dam body is more serious at the same time stage,but the influence on the failure law of the dam body is not significant.In the four groups of tests,the dam breach generally developed and changed in a horn shape.The width and depth of the final breach increase with the increase of rainfall intensity,and present different characteristics at different stages.The submerged range of tailings flow after dam break can be roughly divided into three stages with the change of unit time.The submerged range and transport distance change with different rainfall conditions.The particle size of dam break tailings decreases with the increase of transfer distance in the downstream of the model,and the particle size changes greatly at 120 cm from the dam site in the model.The loss of fine particles in the dam body during the failure process has an adverse effect on the stability of the dam body.Through the loss risk assessment,it is concluded that if the dam breaks under the maximum rainfall condition,the severity of the accident consequence is extremely severe,and the risk value of economic loss in the region is 1.21%,which seriously affects the social economy of the region.The research results can provide a reference for disaster prevention and control of tailings reservoir under rainfall conditions.

关 键 词：尾矿库 溃坝 相似试验 降雨 损失评估 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿] TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]