安阳市空气质量健康指数构建及分析——基于空气污染与呼吸系统疾病间暴露–反应关系  

Construction and analysis of air quality health index of Anyang city:based on the exposure-response relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases

作　　者：杨似玉 彭靖 闫晓娜 王永星[1] 张杰[1] 张书芳[1] YANG Si-yu;PENG Jing;YAN Xiao-na;WANG Yong-xing;ZHANG Jie;ZHANG Shu-fang(Department of Public Health,Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第18期3299-3304,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20210155)。

摘　　要：目的基于空气污染对呼吸系统疾病影响构建安阳市空气质量健康指数(AQHI)并分析可能影响因素。方法建立2018—2020年安阳市大气污染与医院呼吸系统疾病门诊量时间序列数据库,利用多污染物广义相加模型(GAM)所得暴露–反应关系系数计算AQHI,并与环境质量指数(AQI)对比。结果2018—2020年安阳市大气PM_(2.5)、NO_(2)当日浓度(PM_(2.5)lag0、NO_(2)lag0)及SO_(2)滞后2日浓度(SO_(2)lag2)纳入多污染物模型。AQHI公式为AQHIt=(((exp(0.00039×PM_(2.5)lag0_(t)+0.00151×NO_(2)lag0_(t)+0.00179×SO_(2)lag2_(t))-1)×100)/49.70)×10,AQHI低风险日期比例(73.54%)低于AQI三级以下风险等级日期比例(79.01%),P<0.05,且逐年上升,非采暖季高,每年10月至次年1月份下降。AQHI每上升一个四分位间距(IQR),呼吸系统疾病门诊量增加6.04%(95%CI:3.89%~8.24%)高于AQI(3.42%,95%CI:1.89%~4.98%)。结论安阳AQHI可以更灵敏提示当地空气污染对人群呼吸系统疾病风险,可为其他地市AQHI构建提供借鉴。Objective To establish the air quality health index(AQHI)in Anyang city based on the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and analyze the possible influencing factors.Methods The time series database of air pollution data and hospital respiratory disease outpatient visits of Anyang city from 2018 to 2020 was established.The AQHI was calculated using the exposure-response relationship coefficients obtained from the multi-pollutant generalized additive model(GAM)and compared with the environmental quality index(AQI).Results Atmospheric PM_(2.5) and NO_(2) same-day concentrations(PM_(2.5)lag0 and NO_(2)lag0)and SO_(2) lagged 2-day concentrations(SO_(2)lag2)in Anyang city from 2018 to 2020 were included in the multi-pollutant model.The formula for AQHI was AQHIt=(((exp(0.00039×PM_(2.5)lag0_(t)+0.00151×NO_(2)lag0t+0.00179 SO_(2)lag2_(t))-1)×100)/49.70)×10.The proportion of AQHI low risk days(73.54%)was lower than the proportion of AQI sub-Tier 3 risk level days(79.01%)(P<0.05)and increased year by year.The proportion was high in the non-heating season and decreased from October to January each year.For each increase in the interquartile range(IQR)of AQHI,the number of respiratory disease visits increased by 6.04%(95%CI:3.89%to 8.24%)compared with AQI(3.42%,95%CI:1.89%to 4.98%).Conclusion AQHI can be a more sensitive reminder of air quality health risks for people with respiratory diseases and can also provide references for the construction of AQHI in other cities.

关 键 词：大气污染 呼吸系统疾病 广义相加模型 空气质量健康指数(AQHI) 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]