北京市2012—2021年突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in Beijing from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：张永强[1] 马宁[1] 王薇[1] 孙秀梅 乔宏[1] 孙鑫贵[1] ZHANG Yong-qiang;MA Ning;WANG Wei;SUN Xiu-mei;QIAO Hong;SUN Xin-gui(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第18期3431-3435,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2022-1G-4261)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为开展防控工作提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法,对北京市2012—2021年通过国家“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”报告的突发公共卫生事件信息进行统计分析。结果2012—2021年北京市共报告突发公共卫生事件1029起,发病9094例,死亡87例。事件级别以未分级和一般级别事件为主,分别占78.04%和21.77%。事件类别以环境因素事件和传染病事件为主,分别占56.95%和38.97%;环境因素事件主要为非职业性一氧化碳中毒导致的空气污染事件,占99.49%。87例死亡病例中,高温中暑、非职业性一氧化碳中毒和传染病事件分别占37.93%、34.48%和25.29%。春季的1—3月、冬季的11—12月和夏季的8月为发生高峰;发生场所主要为家庭和学校,分别占55.78%和13.02%。结论非职业性一氧化碳中毒和传染病事件是北京市突发公共卫生事件防控的重点,极端高温天气下高温中暑事件的防控也不容忽视,应采取综合措施加强防控工作。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Beijing to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the data on public health emergencies in Beijing from 2012 to 2021 reported in the National Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies.Results From 2012 to 2021,1029 public health emergencies were reported in Beijing,including 9094 cases and 87 deaths.The event levels were mainly unclassified and general level,accounting for 78.04%and 21.77%,respectively.The event category was mainly environmental factor events and infectious disease events,accounting for 56.95%and 38.97%,respectively.Environmental factor events were mainly air pollution events caused by non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning,accounting for 99.49%.Among the 87 fatal cases,heat stroke,non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning and infectious disease events accounted for 37.93%,34.48%,and 25.29%,respectively.The peaks occurred in January-March in spring,November-December in winter,and August in summer.The places of occurrence were mainly homes and schools,accounting for 55.78%and 13.02%,respectively.Conclusion Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning and infectious disease events are the focus of prevention and control of public health emergencies in Beijing,and the prevention and control of heat stroke events in extreme heat weather should not be ignored.Comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and control.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 流行病学特征 监测分析 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]