激光熔覆Fe-Cr-Ni合金涂层的微观组织及摩擦磨损性能  

Microstructure and friction and wear properties of laser cladding Fe-Cr-Ni alloy layer

作　　者：成恩超 刘敬 章健[2] 王廷宣 刘力红[1] 李永凤 CHENG En-chao;LIU Jing;ZHANG Jian;WANG Ting-xuan;LIU Li-hong;LI Yong-feng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Binzhou Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Structural Parts Surface Engineering,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学机械工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]滨州学院滨州市航空结构件表面工程重点实验室,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2022年第8期143-152,共10页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075047,51705028);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019PEEO21,ZR2020KE051)。

摘　　要：为了提高45钢的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备了Fe-Cr-Ni合金涂层。以熔覆层的稀释率及宏观形貌作为涂层熔覆质量的评价指标,通过均匀试验来优化涂层的激光熔覆工艺参数。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机等研究了采用最佳工艺参数制备的熔覆层的物相、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:采用最佳工艺参数制备的铁基熔覆层上部由晶粒细小的等轴晶与胞状晶组成,中部由晶粒尺寸较大的等轴晶和胞状晶组成,下部由尺寸粗大的柱状晶组成;熔覆层平均显微硬度为787.38 HV0.3,约为45钢基体的3倍;与45钢相比,在40 N试验力下,Fe基合金熔覆层摩擦系数为0.27,磨损体积仅为45钢基体的7.9%,其磨损机理以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主,耐磨性能有显著提升。In order to improve the surface properties of 45 steel,Fe-Cr-Ni alloy layer was prepared on its surface by laser cladding technology.Taking the dilution ratio and macro morphology of the cladding layer as the evaluation index of the layer cladding quality,the laser cladding process parameters of the layer were optimized through uniform test.The phase,mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of the cladding layer prepared with the optimal process parameters were studied by means of X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,microhardness tester and friction and wear tester.The results show that the upper part of the Fe-based cladding layer prepared with the optimal process parameters is composed of fine equiaxed and cellular crystals,the middle part is composed of large equiaxed and cellular crystals,and the bottom part is composed of coarse columnar crystals.The average microhardness of the cladding layer is 787.38 HV0.3,about 3 times of the 45 steel matrix.Compared with the 45 steel,under 40 N loading force,the friction coefficient of the Fe-based alloy cladding layer is 0.27,and the wear volume is only 7.9%of the 45 steel matrix.The wear mechanism of the cladding layer is mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear,and the wear resistance is significantly improved compared with the substrate.

关 键 词：FE-CR-NI合金 激光熔覆 微观组织 摩擦磨损 

分 类 号：TG174.44[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]