龙骨的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Longgu

作　　者：李嫣然 陈丽云[1] LI Yanran;CHEN Liyun(Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学,上海201203

出　　处：《辽宁中医药大学学报》2022年第9期84-87,共4页Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1709200,2019YFC1709203)。

摘　　要：龙骨临床用药广泛、历史悠久,是我国名贵中药材之一。通过系统梳理历代本草文献中有关龙骨名称、基原、品质、产地、炮制、药性、功用的阐述并进行本草考证,结果表明龙骨根据骨质颜色的差异可分为白龙骨、五花龙骨、粉龙骨等,其别名为陆虎遗生,但在古籍中使用罕见。历代文献中大多认为龙骨来源于龙蜕化的骨骼或死龙骨,五色具者佳,黄白色次之。近代西学龙骨来源于化石的观点逐步影响中医药学者,进而被接纳。现代经研究和检测明确龙骨为古代哺乳动物如三趾马、犀类、鹿类、牛类、象类等的骨骼化石或象类门齿的化石。古代根据用药需求,龙骨炮制方法有置燕子腹中、酒浸、酒煮、黑豆蒸、研粉、水飞、煅赤、醋淬等,而现代仅保留了煅赤法。龙骨性味、产地、功效古今基本一致。Longguhas a wide range of clinical drugs and a long history.It is one of the precious traditional Chinese medicines in China.This paper systematically combs the description of Longgu name,origin,quality,origin,processing,drug property and function in the herbal literature of previous dynasties,and makes textual research on the herbal medicine.The results show that Longgu can be divided into white Longgu,five flower Longgu and powder Longgu according to the difference of bone color.Its alias is Luhuyisheng,but it has rarely been used in ancient books.Most of the ancient documents believe that the Longgu comes from the decaying skeleton or dead keel of the dragon.The five color one is better,followed by yellow and white.The view that modern Western learning originated from fossils gradually influenced traditional Chinese medicine scholars and was accepted.Through modern research and testing,it is clear that the Longgu is the bone fossil of ancient mammals such as three toed horses,rhinoceros,deer,cattle and elephants or the fossil of elephant incisors.In ancient times,according to the needs of medicine,the processing methods of Longgu included placing swallow in the stomach,soaking in wine,boiling in wine,steaming black beans,grinding powder,water flying,red burning,vinegar quenching,etc.,while in modern times,only red burning method was retained. The taste,origin and efficacy of keel are basically the same in ancient and modern times.

关 键 词：龙骨 本草考证 基原 炮制 产地 功效 

分 类 号：R282.7[医药卫生—中药学]