2004—2021年陕西省学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征  

Epidemiology of public health emergencies at schools in Shanxi,2004—2021

作　　者：王舒 李欣欣 宁少奇 张义[1] 曹磊[1] WANG Shu;LI Xin-xin;NING Shao-qi;ZHANG Yi;CAO Lei(Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an,Shanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第17期3148-3153,3163,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2004—2021年陕西省学校突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征和发展规律,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集网络直报系统中陕西省学校突发公共卫生事件报告资料,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果2004—2021年陕西省共报告544起学校突发公共卫生事件,发病25646例,总罹患率是1.96%,死亡24例,病死率是0.09%。事件级别主要以一般突发事件(407起,74.82%)为主,事件类别以传染病(512起,94.12%)和突发中毒事件(23起,4.23%)为主。西安、安康和商洛事件报告数较多,共占事件总数的48.71%;每年3—6月和9—12月是学校突发事件的高发期;小学是高发场所,共报告311起(57.17%);农村学校报告突发事件数居多(146起,35.61%)。事件暴发持续时间中位数为16.00 d,从事件发生到接到报告的时间是1.17 h。结论加强学校各类传染病和食物中毒事件的预防和控制是减少陕西省学校突发公共卫生事件的关键;同时加强学校突发事件报告标准和规范的培训,做到早发现、早报告。Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies at schools in Shaanxi Province from 2004 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was applied to the data which was collected from national information system.Results A total of 544 public health emergencies at schools were reported in Shanxi Province,2004—2021.There were 25646 patients and 24 death cases.The incidence rate of the disease was 1.96% and the mortality rate was 0.09%.Most of the emergencies were graded as common events(407,74.82%),and the main types of events were infectious diseases(512,94.12%)and sudden poisoning events(23,4.23%).Xi’an,Ankang and Shangluo reported a large number of events,accounting for 48.71%.The annual incidence peaks were from March to June and from September to December.A total of 311 public health emergencies occurred in primary schools(57.17%).The largest number of incidents reported was rural schools(146,35.61%).The median duration of the outbreak was 16.00 d.The time between occurrence and reporting was 1.67 h.Conclusion It is essential to strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases and food poisoning events in schools to reduce the incidence of public health emergencies at schools.We should strengthen the training about emergency reporting standards and reporting standardized to early detection and report public health emergencies at schools.

关 键 词：学校 突发公共卫生事件 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]